Benedict Joseph Semmes Jr. (8 April 1913 – 4 June 1994) was a vice admiral of the United States Navy. His career included service in World War II and the Cold War, command of destroyers, a lengthy tour as Chief of Naval Personnel, command of the United States Second Fleet, duty as Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, and a tour as President of the Naval War College.

Early life

Semmes was born in Memphis, Tennessee, on 8 April 1913. He entered the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, with an appointment from Tennessee on 19 June 1930. He graduated on 31 May 1934 and was commissioned as an ensign the same day.Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps, July 1, 1935, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1935, pp. 214–215.Department of Defense Appropriations for 1968, Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations House of Representatives, Ninetieth Congress, Forst Session, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1967, p. 137.

Naval career Early career

After graduating, Semmes's first assignment was duty aboard the battleship on 30 June 1934, and he was aboard her in October 1934 when she transferred from the Scouting Force in the Atlantic Ocean to the Battle Force in the Pacific Ocean. He was promoted to lieutenant (junior grade) on 31 May 1937,Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps, July 1, 1937, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1937, pp. 200–201. and by the middle of 1937 was a member of the staff of the Battle Force. Completing his Battle Force tour in March 1938, he transferred to the destroyer ,Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps, July 1, 1938, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1938, pp. 198–199. patrolling off Spain in defense of American interests during the Spanish Civil War. By the middle of 1939 he had transferred the destroyer Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps, July 1, 1939, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1939, pp. 190–191. and was qualified as a translator or interpreter of French.

In January 1940, Semmes reported for duty aboard the new aircraft carrier ,Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps, July 1, 1940, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1940, pp. 198–199. then fitting out at the Fore River Shipyard in Quincy, Massachusetts, and he became a member of her first crew when she was commissioned on 25 April 1940. Operating in the Atlantic and the Caribbean during 1940 and into through the first half of 1941, Wasp conducted sea trials, shakedown, training, and maneuvers, carried out the first experiment with flying United States Army Air Corps aircraft off an aircraft carrier for delivery to an airbase on shore, and took part in the Neutrality Patrol. Semmes received a promotion to lieutenant on 1 July 1941Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps, July 1, 1941, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1940, pp. 168–169. while aboard Wasp, and that month Wasp supported the U.S. occupation of Iceland before resuming Neutrality Patrol operations.

World War II The United States entered World War II on 7 December 1941. With Semmes still aboard, Wasp patrolled in the West Indies early in 1942, then deployed to Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands in March 1942 to support the British Home Fleet in covering Arctic convoys bound for the Soviet Union. In April and May 1942 she made two voyages in the Mediterranean to Malta to deliver Royal Air Force Spitfire fighters to Malta. She then redeployed to the Pacific, where she supported U.S. forces in the Guadalcanal Campaign in August and September 1942 before the Imperial Japanese Navy submarine I-19 torpedoed her in the Coral Sea southeast of the Solomon Islands on 15 September 1942. Semmes, Wasp′s assistant gunnery officer at the time, reached the ship's forecastle, where he found about 150 men.Van Stockum, Ron, "The death throes of an aircraft carrier," The Sentinel News, July 25, 2012, 3"01 a.m. Accessed January 4, 2020 He took charge of the group and with other officers ordered the men to make life rafts ready to launch, get mattresses from the ship's living spaces, and rig lines over the bow, all in preparation to abandon ship. Cut off from the rest of ship by fires and explosions, with a pool of burning oil forming around the bow and asphyxiating gasses sweeping over the forecastle, and unable to contact anyone else aboard Wasp, Semmes recommended to the senior officer present that everyone on the forecastle abandon ship, and the order to abandon followed. Semmes went over the side and at one point saw an shark circling his group of survivors as they swam toward the destroyer for rescue but decided not to tell the other men he had seen it.Ceasar, Ed, "The Epic Hunt for a Lost World War II Aircraft Carrier," The New York Times Magazine, March 13, 2019 Retrieved January 4, 2020 Meanwhile, Wasp sank with the loss of 193 lives.

In December 1942, Semmes reported to the new destroyer , then fitting out at the Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Kearny, New Jersey. Upon her commissioning on 23 January 1943, he became her executive officer. During his tour, he received a promotion to the temporary rank of lieutenant commander on 1 March 1943.Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps, July 1, 1943, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1943, p. 89. While Semmes was aboard,Sigsbee supported U.S. aircraft carrier raids against Marcus Island in August 1943, took part in a bombardment of Wake Island on 5 October 1943, and bombarded Betio, at Tarawa Atoll, on 22–23 November 1943 during the Battle of Tarawa.

Detaching from Sigsbee, Semmes was advanced to the temporary rank of commander on 1 February 1944.Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps, July 1, 1943, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1943, p. 57. He took command of the destroyer on 12 August 1944 and remained her commanding officer until August 1945.TogetherWeServed: VADM Benedict Semmes During his time in command, Picking escorted troop transports during the Leyte campaign in October 1944Morison, Vol. XII, p. 419. – narrowly missing action in the Battle of Leyte GulfMorison, Vol. XII, pp. 295n, 304. – and escorted amphibious forces and rendered gunfire support to troops ashore during the Luzon campaign in January 1945.Morison, Vol. XIII, pp. 188, 204, 311.

In April and May 1945, Picking repeated these duties during the Okinawa campaign.Morison, Vol. XIV, p. 375. When, on 18 May 1945, the destroyer ran aground on a reef off the coast of Okinawa and came under fire from Japanese artillery on the island, Picking attempted to pull Longshaw off the reef under Japanese fire and, failing in that, stood by Longshaw, returning fire against the Japanese guns and defending Longshaw until Longshaws crew was forced to abandon ship. Semmes received the Navy Cross for this action,Military Times Hall of Valor: Benedict Joseph Semmes, Jr.Morison, Vol. XIV, p. 247. the citation reading in part:

...as Commanding Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. PICKING (DD-685), in action against the enemy on 18 May 1945, during the assault and occupation of Okinawa...Gallantly responding to the need for assistance by a friendly destroyer grounded on a reef within one mile of the hostile coast, Commander Semmes skillfully maneuvered his ship through the hazardous, obstructed waters in a determined attempt to re-float the stricken vessel. Unsuccessful in this mission because of inadequate towing facilities and with both ships highly vulnerable under the sudden attack by hostile shore batteries, Commander Semmes promptly countered the enemy's devastating fire with powerful blasts from the PICKING's heavy guns, handling his ship superbly to evade the shattering barrages while screening the damaged destroyer. Again closing the helpless vessel, he daringly stood by, continuing his fierce and relentless bombardment of opposing shore emplacements and rendering heroic service in the rescue of personnel...

Semmes also received the Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V" for heroism in command of Picking.Anonymous, "Admiral Semmes Jr. to Head Destroyer," The Independent, September 27, 1958 Accessed January 4, 2020

Post-World War II and Cold War

Semmes was commanding officer of the destroyer from January 1948 to July 1949.TogetherWeServed – VADM Benedict Semmes By the beginning of 1949, his promotion to commander had become permanent, with his date of rank backdated to 1 February 1944.Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps, January 1, 1949, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1949, p 47.

Semmes was promoted to the temporary rank of captain on 1 July 1953.Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps, January 1, 1954, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1954, p 23. In 1953, Semmes took command of Destroyer Division 302 — consisting of , , , and Anonymous, "4 Destroyers returning to Newport from Korea," Newport Daily News, January 5, 1954 Accessed January 4, 2020 — in the United States Seventh Fleet, and the division saw combat service off Korea during the last three weeks of the Korean War before the 27 July 1953 armistice brought the conflict to an end. The division, which he took command of off Korea after it had steamed westward from Newport, Rhode Island, for its Korea deployment, continued westward in November 1953 under his command after the conclusion of its Korea service, completing a circumnavigation of the world when it arrived at Newport in January 1954. Semmes detached from command of the division in 1954.

From 1955 to 1957, Semmes was chief of staff to the Commander, Destroyer Force, Atlantic Fleet, based at Newport, Rhode Island,Anonymous, "Rear Admiral Semmes Takes Command: To Head CruDesLant," Newport Mercury, May 5, 1963 Accessed January 4, 2020 followed by a year of study at the National War College in Washington, D.C., from which he graduated in 1958. He then reported for duty as commanding officer of the destroyer tender . On 18 July 1958, during his tour aboard Shenandoah, President Dwight Eisenhower approved his promotion to rear admiral, making him the first member of his Naval Academy graduating class to be selected for flag rank.

After detaching from Shenandoah, Semmes took command of Destroyer Flotilla Three at Long Beach, California, on 30 September 1958. His promotion to rear admiral became effective on 1 July 1959.Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty, January 1, 1964, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1964, p 2. After a tour ashore as Assistant Chief of Naval Personnel for Plans, Semmes served as Commander, Middle East Force, in the Persian Gulf from 30 May 1962 to 9 July 1963.Palmer, Michael A., On Course to Desert Storm: The United States Navy and the Persian Gulf, Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, 1992 Accessed January 4, 2020 In August 1963, he became Commander, Cruiser-Destroyer Force, Atlantic Fleet.

Semmes was promoted to vice admiral on 1 April 1964,Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty, January 1, 1968, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1968, p 1. and he became Chief of Naval Personnel the same day, serving in the position until March 1968; he was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal and the Legion of Merit for the tour. The citations for both awards read in part: