This is a list of amphibians found in Guatemala. There are 158 amphibian species recorded in Guatemala, which are grouped in three orders: caecilians (Gymnophiona), salamanders (Caudata) and frogs and toads (Anura). The IUCN considers that 33 of these species are critically endangered, 27 endangered, 11 near threatened and 21 vulnerable. This list is largely derived from the database listing of AmphibiaWebAmphibiaWeb 2012 and Campbell's checklist.Campbell 2007
__NOTOC__ Table of contentsCaecilians: CaeciliidaeSalamanders: PlethodontidaeFrogs and toads: Rhinophrynidae • Craugastoridae • Leptodactylidae • Eleutherodactylidae • Bufonidae • Hylidae • Centrolenidae • Microhylidae • Ranidae •Notes References
Caecilians (Gymnophiona)
Caeciliidae
Caeciliidae, or common caecilians, is a family of caecilians that are native to South and Central America, equatorial Africa and India. Like other caecilians, they superficially resemble worms or snakes. Although they are the most diverse of the caecilian families, the caeciliids do have a number of features in common that distinguish them from other caecilians. In particular, their skulls have relatively few bones, with those that are present being fused to form a solid ram to aid in burrowing through the soil. The mouth is recessed beneath the snout, and there is no tail. There are more than 100 caeciliids worldwide, 2 of which occur in Guatemala.
Order: Gymnophiona. Family: Caeciliidae Dermophis mexicanus (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) Gymnopis syntrema (Cope, 1866)
Salamanders (Caudata)
Plethodontidae Order: Caudata. Family: Plethodontidae
The Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere, from British Columbia to Brazil, although a few species are found in Sardinia, Europe south of the Alps, and South Korea. A number of features distinguish the Plethodontids from other salamanders. Most significantly, they lack lungs, conducting respiration through their skin, and the tissues lining their mouths. Another distinctive feature is the presence of a vertical slit between the nostril and upper lip, known as the "naso-labial groove". The groove is lined with glands, and enhances the salamander's chemoreception. Due to their modest size and low metabolism, they are able to feed on prey such as collembola, which are usually too small for other terrestrial vertebrates. This gives them access to a whole ecological niche with minimal competition from other groups. They are by far the largest group of salamanders. There are about 380 species worldwide, of which 41 occur in Guatemala. Oak forest salamander – Bolitoglossa cuchumatana (Stuart, 1943) [E] Doflein's salamander – Bolitoglossa dofleini (Werner, 1903) Dunn's climbing salamander – Bolitoglossa dunni (Schmidt, 1933) [EN] Engelhardt's climbing salamander – Bolitoglossa engelhardti (Schmidt, 1936) [EN] Yellow-legged climbing salamander – Bolitoglossa flavimembris (Schmidt, 1936) [EN] Yellow-belly climbing salamander – Bolitoglossa flaviventris (Schmidt, 1936) Franklin's climbing salamander – Bolitoglossa franklini (Schmidt, 1936) [EN] Hartweg's climbing salamander – Bolitoglossa hartwegi Wake & Brame, 1969 Coban climbing salamander – Bolitoglossa helmrichi (Schmidt, 1936) [E] Jackson's climbing salamander – Bolitoglossa jacksoni Elias, 1984 [E] Lincoln's climbing salamander – Bolitoglossa lincolni (Stuart, 1943) Meliana climbing salamander – Bolitoglossa meliana Wake & Lynch, 1982 [E, EN] Mexican climbing salamander – Bolitoglossa mexicana Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 Cope's climbing salamander – Bolitoglossa morio (Cope, 1869) [E] Muller's climbing salamander – Bolitoglossa mulleri (Brocchi, 1883) [VU] Southern banana salamander – Bolitoglossa occidentalis Taylor, 1941 O'Donnell's climbing salamander – Bolitoglossa odonnelli (Stuart, 1943) [EN] Bolitoglossa qeqom (Dahinten et al. 2021) Bolitoglossa resplendens McCoy & Walker, 1966 Long-nosed climbing salamander – Bolitoglossa rostrata (Brocchi, 1883) [VU] Northern banana salamander – Bolitoglossa rufescens (Cope, 1869) Salvin's salamander – Bolitoglossa salvinii (Gray, 1868) [EN] Stuart's salamander – Bolitoglossa stuarti Wake & Brame, 1969 [EN] Yucatan salamander – Bolitoglossa yucatana (Peters, 1882) Finca Chiblac salamander – Bradytriton silus Wake & Elias, 1983 [E, CR] Monzon's hidden salamander – Cryptotriton monzoni (Campbell & Smith, 1998) [E, CR] Baja Verapaz salamander – Cryptotriton veraepacis (Lynch & Wake, 1978) [E, EN] Wake's hidden salamander – Cryptotriton wakei (Campbell & Smith, 1998) Common bromeliad salamander – Dendrotriton bromeliacius (Schmidt, 1936) [EN] Cuchumatanes bromeliad salamander – Dendrotriton cuchumatanus (Lynch & Wake, 1975) [E, CR] Guatemalan bromeliad salamander – Dendrotriton rabbi (Lynch & Wake, 1975) [EN] Cerro Pozo de Agua moss salamander – Nototriton brodiei Campbell & Smith, 1998 Stuart's moss salamander – Nototriton stuarti Wake & Campbell, 2000 [E] Long-limbed salamander – Nyctanolis pernix Elias & Wake, 1983 [EN] White-crowned worm salamander – Oedipina elongata (Schmidt, 1936) Chimaltenango worm salamander – Oedipina ignea Stuart, 1952 Narrow-footed worm salamander – Oedipina stenopodia Brodie & Campbell, 1993 [E, EN] Taylor's worm salamander – Oedipina taylori Stuart, 1952 Brown false brook salamander – Pseudoeurycea brunnata Bumzahem & Smith, 1955 [CR] Jalpa false brook salamander – Pseudoeurycea exspectata Stuart, 1954 [E, CR] Goebel's false brook salamander – Pseudoeurycea goebeli (Schmidt, 1936) [EN] Royal false brook salamander – Pseudoeurycea rex (Dunn, 1921)
Frogs and toads (Anura)
Rhinophrynidae
Order: Anura. Family: Rhinophrynidae
Rhinophrynida is a monotypical family which contains one single species (Rhinophrynus dorsalis), distributed from southern Texas through Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador to Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Rhinophrynus dorsalis, commonly known as the Mexican burrowing toad, grows to in length, and usually has red spots on its bloated body with a red stripe along the center of its back. It has short legs, and a small, pointed head. Its feet have horny, shovel-like appendages which, along with the short, powerful legs, aid it in digging. Its eyes are relatively small, and the tympanum is not visible. Mexican burrowing toad – Rhinophrynus dorsalis Duméril & Bibron, 1841
Craugastoridae Order: Anura. Family: Craugastoridae
Craugastor adamastus Campbell 1994 [E] Craugastor alfredi (Boulenger, 1898) [VU] Craugastor amniscola Campbell & Savage, 2000 Craugastor aphanus Campbell 1994 [E, VU] Craugastor bocourti (Brocchi, 1877) [E, VU] Craugastor brocchi (Boulenger, 1882) [VU] Craugastor campbelliNot included in Campell's Checklist. (Smith, 2005) [E] Craugastor chac Savage, 1987 Craugastor charadra Campbell & Savage, 2000 [EN] Craugastor daryi Ford & Savage, 1884 [E, EN] Craugastor greggi Bumzahem, 1955 [CR] Craugastor inachus Campbell & Savage, 2000 [E, EN] Craugastor laticeps (A. Duméril, 1853) Craugastor lineatus (Brocchi, 1879) [CR] Craugastor lokiNot included in Campell's Checklist. (Shannon & Werler, 1955) Craugastor matudai Taylor [VU] Craugastor myllomyllon (Savage, 2000) (E) Craugastor nefrens (Smith, 2005) Craugastor palenque Campbell & Savage, 2000 Craugastor psephosypharus Campbell, Savage & Meyer, 1994 [VU] Craugastor pygmaeus Taylor, 1936 Craugastor rhodopis (Cope, 1867) Craugastor rivulus Campbell & Savage, 2000 Craugastor rostralis (Werner, 1896) Craugastor rupinius Campbell & Savage, 2000 Craugastor sabrinus Campbell & Savage, 2000 Craugastor sandersoni Schmidt, 1941 Craugastor stuarti Lynch, 1967 Craugastor trachydermus Campbell 1994 Craugastor xucanebi Stuart, 1941
Leptodactylidae
Order: Anura. Family: Leptodactylidae
Leptodactylidae is a large and diverse family of frogs that are widely distributed throughout Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America. The family includes terrestrial, burrowing, aquatic, and arboreal members, inhabiting a wide range of different habitats. There are roughly 50 genera, with approximately 1100 leptodactylid species, 4 of which occur in Guatemala. Tungara frog – Engystomops pustulosus (Cope, 1864) This species is included in Campbell's Checklist as Physalaemus pustulosus Mexican white-lipped frog – Leptodactylus fragilis (Brocchi, 1878) Leptodactylus labialis (Cope, 1877)This species is included in Campbell's checklist as Leptodactylus labialis, but is considered a synonym of Leptodactylus fragilis (Brocchi, 1878) by other authorities. Leptodactylus melanonotus (Hallowell, 1860)
Eleutherodactylidae Order: Anura. Family: Eleutherodactylidae
Eleutherodactylidae is a large family of frogs that are distributed in the neotropics, from the south of Texas, through Central America to the north of South America. 3 species occur in Guatemala. Eleutherodactylus leprus Cope, 1879The species is included in Campbell's Checklist as "Syrrhophus leprus Cope, 1879" [VU] Eleutherodactylus pipilans Taylor, 1940The species is included in Campbell's Checklist as "Syrrhophus pipilans Taylor, 1940" Eleutherodactylus rubrimaculatus Taylor & Smith, 1945The species is included in Campbell's Checklist as "Syrrhophus rubrimaculatus Taylor & Smith, 1945" [VU]
Bufonidae
Order: Anura. Family: Bufonidae
True toads (Bufonidae) are a family in the order of Anura (frogs and toads). They are the only family of anurans all members of which are known as "toads". True toads are widespread and occur natively on every continent except Australia and Antarctica, inhabiting a variety of environments, from arid areas to rainforest. Most lay eggs in paired strings that hatch into tadpoles. True toads are toothless and generally warty in appearance. They have a pair of parotoid glands on the back of their heads. These glands contain an alkaloid poison which the toads excrete when stressed. Some toads, like the cane toad Bufo marinus, are more toxic than others. The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the most widespread and well known. 12 species occur in Guatemala. Bocourt's toad – Bufo bocourti Brocchi, 1877 Campbell's forest toad – Bufo campbelli Mendelson, 1994 Dwarf toad – Bufo canaliferus Cope, 1877 Southern round-gland toad – Bufo coccifer Cope, 1866 Jalapa toad – Bufo ibarrai Stuart, 1954 [EN] Yellow toad – Bufo luetkenii Boulenger, 1891 Large-crested toad – Bufo macrocristatus Firschein & Smith, 1957 [VU] Cane toad – Bufo marinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Volcan Tacana toad – Bufo tacanensis P. Smith, 1952 [EN] Bufo tutelarius Mendelson, 1997 [EN] Gulf Coast toad – Bufo valliceps Wiegmann, 1833 Bufo wilsoni Baylor & Stuart, 1961Included in Campbell's checklist, but not in Amphibia Web's database. Often considered a subspecies (I. v. wilsoni) of Incilius valliceps (Bufo valliceps). See: Incilius valliceps. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Hylidae
Order: Anura. Family: Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semi-aquatic.