was a after Hōtoku and before Kōshō. This period spanned the years from July 1452 through July 1455.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Kyōtoku" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 587; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File . The reigning emperor was .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 331-347.
Change of era 1452 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events. The old era ended and a new one commenced in Hōtoku 4.
Events of the Kyōtoku era 1453 (Kyōtoku 2, 6th month): The name of the Shōgun, "Yoshinari", was changed to Ashikaga Yoshimasa, which is the name by which he is more commonly known in the modern era.Titsingh, p. 346. 1454 (Kyōtoku 3): Ashikaga Shigeuji orchestrated for the killing of Uesugi Noritada,Hall, John Whitney. (1988). The Cambridge History of Japan: Medieval Japan, p. 233. thus beginning a series of conflicts for control of the Kantō; and this event would come to be known as the Kyōtoku no Ran.Nussbaum, "Kyōtoku-no-ran" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 587.
Notes
References Hall, John Whitney. (1988). The Cambridge History of Japan: Medieval Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 48943301 Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
External links National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection