Zharkov or Jarkov () is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Zharkova or Jarkova. Notable people with the surname include:
Andrei Zharkov, Soviet ice dancer Daniil Zharkov (born 1994), Russian ice hockey player Georgi Zharkov (1918–1981), Russian football player and coach Innokenti Zharkov (born 1996), Russian football player Katya Zharkova, Belarusian model and actress Lyudmila Maslakova (née Zharkova in 1952), Soviet sprinter Olga Jarkova (born 1979), Russian curler Vladimir Zharkov (born 1988), Russian ice hockey player Dmitry Zharkov,4 times world dance sport champion
See also Jarkov Mammoth