Pozdnyakov (masculine, ) or Pozdnyakova (feminine, ), also transliterated as Pozdniakov, is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Anastasia Pozdniakova (born 1985), Russian diver Anatoly Pozdnyakov (died 2001), Russian general Boris Pozdnyakov (born 1962), Russian football player Irina Pozdnyakova (born 1953), Russian swimmer Konstantin Pozdniakov (born 1952), Russian linguist Stanislav Pozdnyakov (born 1973), Russian fencer and president of the Russian Olympic Commission Tatyana Pozdnyakova (born 1955), Ukrainian Soviet long-distance runner Vasily Pozdnyakov (1869–1921), Russian conscientious objector and author Vyacheslav Pozdnyakov (born 1978), Russian fencer
See also Pozdnyakova, Irkutsk Oblast, a village in Irkutsk Oblast Pozdnyakova, Kursk Oblast, a village in Oktyabrsky District of Kursk Oblast