Holistic nursing is a way of treating and taking care of the patient, which involves physical, social, environmental, psychological, cultural and religious factors, in exactly the same manner as non-holistic nursing. There are many theories that support the importance of nurses approaching the patient holistically and education on this is there to support the goal of holistic nursing. Unfortunately, none of these theories differentiate between nursing and holistic nursing. This emphasizes that patients being treated would be treated not only in their body but also their mind and spirit. Holistic nursing focuses on the mind, body, and spirit working together as a whole and how spiritual awareness in nursing can help heal illness. Holistic medicine focuses on maintaining optimum well-being and preventing rather than just treating disease.
Core values
The holistic philosophy: theory and ethics Holistic nursing is based on the fundamental theories of nursing, such as the works of Florence Nightingale and Jean Watson as well as alternative theories of world connectedness, wholeness, and healing. Holistic nurses respect the patient as the decision-maker throughout the continuum of care. The holistic nurse and patient relationship is based on a partnership in which the holistic nurse engages the patient in treatment options and healthcare choices. The holistic nurse seeks to establish a professional and ethical relationship with the patient in order to preserve the patient's sense of dignity, wholesomeness, and inner worth.
Theories of holistic nursing The goal for holistic nursing is in the definition of holistic where it is to treat the patient in whole not just physically. Various nursing theories have helped on viewing the importance holistic nursing. These theories may differ on the views of holistic nursing care but have common goal which is to treat the patient in whole body and mind. One of the theories is The Intersystem Model, explaining that individuals are holistic beings; therefore, their illnesses are interacted and adapted to them as a whole not just physically. Also as health can be a different value to individuals which ranges constantly from well-being to disease. For example, despite their chronic condition, the patient is satisfied with the changed healthy life for their living. In holistic nursing, knowing the theory does not mean that this will be implanted in doing. In real life practice, many nurses are not able to apply the theory.
Holistic caring process Holistic nursing combines standard nursing interventions with various modalities that are focused on treating the patient in totality. Alternative therapies can include stress management, aroma therapy, and therapeutic touch. The combination of interventions allows the patient to heal in mind, body, and spirit by focusing on the patient's emotions, spirituality, and cultural identity as much as the illness. The six steps of the holistic caring process occur simultaneously, including assessment, diagnosis, outcomes, therapeutic plan of care, implementation, and evaluation. The holistic assessment of the patient can include spiritual, transpersonal, and energy-field assessments in combination with the standard physical and emotional assessments. In holistic nursing, the plan of care is individualized to each patient and adapts as the patient's condition or needs change. Holistic nurses emphasize the dynamic nature of healing and develop care plans that integrate physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of health. Therapies utilized by holistic nurses include stress management techniques and alternative or complementary practices such as reiki and guided imagery. These therapy modalities are focused on empowering individuals to reduce stress levels and elicit a relaxation response in order to promote healing and well-being.
The caring for patients in holistic nursing may differ from other nursing care as some may lack in caring for the patient as a whole, which includes spiritually. In holistic nursing, taking care of the patient does not differ from other nursing, but is focused on mental and spiritual needs as well as physical health. In holistic nursing there should be a therapeutic trust between the patient and nurse, as caring holistically involves knowing the patient's illness as whole. This can be only done by the patient who is the one to tell the nurse about the social, spiritual and internal illness that they are experiencing. Also as caring could be involved as assertive action, quiet support or even both which assist in understanding a person's cultural differences, physical and social needs. Through this the nurse is able to give more holistic care to meet the social and spiritual needs of the patient. The attitude of nurse includes helping, sharing and nurturing. In holistic caring there is spiritual care where it needs an understanding of patient's beliefs and religious views. This is the reason why there should be therapeutic trust between nurse and patient, as in order to understand and respect the patient's religious beliefs the nurse has to get information from the patient directly which is hard to get when there is not therapeutic trust. There is no specific order or template for how to care holistically, but the principle of holistic caring is to include patient's social and internal needs and not just focus on treating the physical illness.
Holistic communication Holistic nurses use intentional listening techniques ("Focus completely on the speaker") and unconditional positive regard to communicate with patients. The goal of using these communication techniques is to create authentic, compassionate, and therapeutic relationships with each patient.
In holistic nursing having therapeutic trust with patient and nurse gives great advantage of achieving the goal of treating patients as a whole. Therapeutic trust can be developed by having conversation with the patient. In communication the sender can also become a receiver or vice versa which in holistic nursing the nurses are the receiver of patients concern and the pass the information on to the doctor and do the vice versa. As communication is vital element in nursing it is strongly recommended to nurses to understand what is needed and how to communicate with patients. Communicating with patients can help in the performances of nurses in holistic nursing as by communicating the nurses are able to understand the cultural, social values and psychological conditions. Through this the nurses are able to satisfy the needs of a patient and as well as protecting the nurse for doing their roles as a nurse. In holistic nursing non-verbal communication is also another skill that is taught to nurses which are expressed by gestures, facial expression, posture and creating physical barriers. In holistic nursing as all individuals are not all the same but their social and psychological illness should be treated it is up to the nurse on how they communicate in order to build a therapeutic trust. To achieve the goal of holistic nursing it is important to communicate with the patient properly and to this successfully between the nurse and patient is freakiness and honesty. Without these communicating skills the nurse would not be able to build therapeutic trust and is likely to fail the goal of holistic nursing.
Building a therapeutic environment Holistic nursing focuses on creating not only a therapeutic relationship with patients but also on creating a therapeutic environment for patients. Several of the therapies included in holistic nursing rely on therapeutic environments to be successful and effective. A therapeutic environment empowers patients to connect with the holistic nurse and with themselves introspectively.
Depending on the environment where the patient is, the holistic approach may be different, and knowing this will help nurses to achieve better results in holistic nursing. For patients with illness, trauma, and surgery, increasing sleep will benefit recovery, blood pressure, pain relief, and emotional wellbeing. As in a hospital there are many disturbances which can affect patients’ quality of sleep, and due to this, the patients are lacking in aid for healing, recovery, and emotional wellbeing. A nurse being able to note or take care of a patient's sleep will determine how closely they are approaching holistic nursing. Depending on the disease, some of the treatment may differ and may need further check-ups or programs for patients. For example, there are higher chances for women to experience cardiovascular disease, but there are fewer enrollments for cardiac rehabilitation programs compared to men. This was due to the environment of the hospital not being able to support females in completing the CR programs. Some examples are that physicians are less likely to refer women to CR programs and patients' thoughts against the safety of the program. In a situation like this, from the knowledge and education that comes from holistic nursing, the nurses will be able to approach the patient as they can relate to what the patient is going through, which gives more comfort and safety to patients in doing the programs.
Cultural diversity Part of any type of nursing includes understanding the patient's comprehension level, ability to cope, social supports, and background or base knowledge. The nurse must use this information to effectively communicate with the patient and the patient's family, to build a trusting relationship, and to comprehensively educate the patient. The ability of a holistic nurse to build a therapeutic relationship with a patient is especially important. Holistic nurses ask themselves how they can culturally care for patients through holistic assessment because holistic nurses engage in ethical practices and the treatment of all aspects of the individual.
Australia has many different cultures, as there are many people who were born overseas and migrated to Australia, which allows for the experience of many cultural diversities. Culture can be defined as how people create collective beliefs and shared practices to make sense of their lived experiences, which is how concepts of language, religion and ethnicity are built in the culture. As the meaning of holistic nursing is to heal the person as a whole, knowing their cultural identities or backgrounds will help to reach that goal (Mariano, 2007). Understanding people's culture may help to approach treatment correctly for the patient, as it provides knowledge to nurses about how a patient's view of the concept of illness and disease relates to their values and identity. As in the holistic approach, culture, beliefs and values are essential components to achieve the goal. People's actions to promote, maintain and restore health and healing are mainly influenced by their culture, which is why knowing other cultures will assist in holistic nursing. By developing knowledge, communication, assessment skills and practices, nurses are guided to provide better experiences to patients who have diverse beliefs, values, and behaviours that respect their social, cultural and linguistic needs. For most patients and families, their decision on having treatment against illness or disease is made based on cultural beliefs. This means if the nurses are unable to understand and give information relating to what they believe, the patients will most likely reject the treatment and create hardship for holistic nursing.
Holistic education and research