Nanquan Puyuan (Chinese: 南泉普願; Wade-Giles: Nan-ch’üan P’u-yüan; Pinyin: Nánquán Pǔyuàn; Japanese: Nansen Fugan; Korean: 남천보원 Namcheon Bowon) (c. 749 – c. 835) was a Chan (Zen) Buddhist master in China during the Tang dynasty.Fung Yu-lan, A History of Chinese Philosophy, vol. II, p. 397n2 states that his dates are 'variously given as 745–831, 748–834, 749–835, and 752–838.' He was a student and Dharma successor of Master Mazu Daoyi (709–788).
Biography In the year 795, after his enlightenment experience under Mazu, he settled in a self-made hut on Mount Nanquan, from which his dharma name is derived, and lived there in eremitic solitude for three decades.The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen, p. 154 In time, monks persuaded him to come down the mountain and found a monastery; from that time forward, he always had hundreds of students.The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen, p. 154
Appearance in koans Nanquan appears in several gong'ans: 4 koans in The Gateless Gate (#14, #19, #27, #34), 6 koans in the Blue Cliff Record (#28, #31, #40, #63, #64, #69), and 3 koans in The Book of Equanimity (#9, #69, #91).
Two gong'ans from the Blue Cliff Record (#28 & #69) depict Nanquan as an advanced student interacting with fellow students of Mazu, and the others depict him as a teacher in his own right.
A well-known koan is case #14 of the Gateless Gate, "Nanquan kills the cat":
Influence Nanquan had seventeen Dharma successors, the most famous of whom was Zhaozhou Congshen (J. Joshu)(778–897).The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen, p. 154 Case #19 of the Gateless Gate recounts an interaction between Nanquan and Zhaozhou that led to the latter having a profound realization; some translators/editors, for example Paul Reps, interpret this as Zhaozhou's enlightenment moment.Reps, Paul. Zen Flesh, Zen Bones, 1989, p. 105
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