The following is a list of ships captured during the 18th century. Vessels were frequently seized during naval engagements between rival European powers, including major conflicts such as the War of the Spanish Succession, the War of the Austrian Succession, and the Seven Years' War.

Captured ships were typically, but not always, condemned as prizes, renamed, refitted, and integrated into the captor's naval fleet or sold for profit; this practice bolstered fleet sizes amid ongoing wars. Notable examples include French ships such as , taken at the Battle of Vigo Bay in 1702 by the Royal Navy.

1701-1710

1702 (): Battle of Vigo Bay: The 60-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy on 23 October. (): Battle of Vigo Bay: The 68-gun ship was captured by the Dutch States Navy on 23 October. or (): Battle of Vigo Bay: The 70-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy on 23 October. (): Battle of Vigo Bay: The 56-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy on 23 October. (): Battle of Vigo Bay: The 76-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy on 23 October. (): Battle of Vigo Bay: The 60-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy and the Dutch States Navy on 23 October. (): Battle of Vigo Bay: The 70-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy and the Dutch States Navy on 23 October. (): Battle of Vigo Bay: The 44-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy on 23 October. (): Battle of Vigo Bay: The 44-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy and the Dutch States Navy on 23 October. (): The 10-gun ketch was captured by the French Navy.

1703 (): The 24-gun sixth-rate was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): The 50-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): The 40-gun ship was captured by the French Navy. (): The 50-gun fourth-rate ship of the line was captured on 10 April by the French Navy's and three privateers.

1704 (): The 50-gun fourth-rate was captured by the French Navy's and . (): The 70-gun third-rate was captured by the French Navy. (): The 50-gun fourth-rate was captured by the French Navy.

1705 (): Battle of Cabrita Point, 21 March: The 66-gun ship was captured by the Dutch States Navy. (): Battle of Cabrita Point, 21 March: The 58-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): Battle of Cabrita Point, 21 March: The 60-gun ship was captured by the Dutch States Navy. (): 19 August: The 54-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy's , and . (): The 50-gun fourth-rate was captured by the French Navy's . (): The 24-gun sixth-rate frigate was captured in May by the British Royal Navy. (): The 54-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): The 50-gun fourth-rate was captured in October by the French Navy. (): The 44-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy.

1706 (): The 50-gun ship was captured by the French Navy. (): The 54-gun ship was captured by the French Navy. (): The 50-gun ship was captured by the French Navy.

1707 (): The 54-gun ship was captured in March by Dutch privateers. ( British Royal Navy): Action of 2 May 1707: The 70-gun third-rate was captured by the French Navy's , and . ( British Royal Navy): Action of 2 May 1707: The 70-gun third-rate was captured by the French Navy's , and . ( British Royal Navy): Battle at The Lizard, 21 October: The 50-gun fourth-rate was captured by the French Navy. ( British Royal Navy): Battle at The Lizard, 21 October: The 80-gun third-rate was captured by the French Navy's and . ( British Royal Navy): Battle at The Lizard, 21 October: The 40-gun fourth-rate was captured by the French Navy's . ( British Royal Navy): The 4-gun hoy was captured by the French Navy. (): The 50-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy.

1708 (): The 50-gun fourth-rate was captured on 15 March by the British Royal Navy. (): The 50-gun fourth-rate was captured on 15 March by the British Royal Navy's . (): The 50-gun ship was captured by the French Navy.

1709 ( British Royal Navy): The 44-gun fourth-rate was captured on 1 March by the French Navy. ( British Royal Navy): The 50-gun fourth-rate was captured by the French Navy. (): The 50-gun fourth-rate was captured on 17 March by the British Royal Navy's . (): The 46-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (British Royal Navy): The 32-gun fourth-rate was captured by the French Navy's . (): The 38-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. ( British Royal Navy): The 60-gun fourth-rate was captured on 26 October by the French Navy. (): The 4-gun hoy was captured by the British Royal Navy. ( British Royal Navy): The 60-gun fourth-rate was captured by the French Navy.

1710 (): The 56-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): The 70-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. ( British Royal Navy): The 24-gun sixth-rate was captured by a French privateer. (): The 54-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): The 56-gun ship was captured on 29 July by the British Royal Navy.

1711-1720

1711 (): The 60-gun fourth-rate was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): The 56-gun ship was captured by the French Navy. (): The 62-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy.

1712 (): The 50-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. HMS Scarborough ( British Royal Navy): Originally captured by the French in 1710, it was recaptured by the British on 31 March 1712, and renamed HMS Garland.

1714 (): The 52-gun ship was captured by the Royal Swedish Navy.

1715 (): The 20-gun frigate was captured off Dornbusch by under Royal Swedish Navy Captain Printz. In Swedish service, it became known as Svarta Örn and, after 1717, Danska Örn, until its capture by the Imperial Russian Navy at the Battle of Grengam in 1720.Riksarkivet, ritningar - Marinförvaltningen, skeppsbyggnadsavdelningen, fartygsbyrån: Danska Örn p.12 (): The ship was captured on 25 April during the Battle of Fehmarn by Admiral Christian Carl Gabel. She was subsequently commissioned into the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy as HDMS Sydermanland.

1717

La Concorde (): The slave ship was captured on 28 November off Saint Vincent by Revenge and another ship (both Blackbeard) and was renamed to "Queen Anne's Revenge". Great Allen (): The merchant ship was captured, looted, burnt, and sunk off Cape St. Vincent by Queen Anne's Revenge ( Blackbeard). Margaret (): The merchant ship was captured on 5 December off Anguilla by Queen Anne's Revenge ( Blackbeard). She was looted and then released. Whydah Gally (): The slave ship was captured in late February in the Windward Passage by Sultana ( Samuel Bellamy). She wrecked in a storm off Cape Cod two months later, taking Bellamy, 143 men, and 4.5 tons of treasure with her – and was the first pirate shipwreck ever discovered in North America, in 1984.

1718 (): Battle of Cape Passaro, 11 August. The 70-gun ship was captured by and . Protestant Caesar (): The merchant ship was captured on 9 April by Adventure, Revenge, Queen Anne's Revenge, and other ships (all Blackbeard). She was looted, burnt, and sunk.

1719 (): Battle of Ösel Island, 24 May: The 10-gun ship was captured by the Imperial Russian Navy. (): Battle of Ösel Island, 24 May: The 30-gun ship was captured by the Imperial Russian Navy. (): Battle of Ösel Island, 24 May: The 52-gun ship was captured by the Imperial Russian Navy.

Unknown date (): The 56-gun ship was captured in 1713 or 1714 by the Royal Swedish Navy.

1721-1730

1722 Ranger ( Bartholomew Roberts): The pirate ship was captured on 5 February by the British Royal Navy's . Royal Fortune ( Bartholomew Roberts): The pirate ship was captured on 10 February by the British Royal Navy's .

1725 Prince Frederick (): The British merchant ship was captured by the Spanish at Veracruz.discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349550/1/473433.pdf

1731-1740

1731 ( British Royal Navy): The brig Rebecca, commanded by Robert Jenkins, was captured in April 1731 by the Spanish Navy on suspicions of smuggling, acting as the casus belli of the War of Jenkins' Ear.

1739 (): The ship was captured on 3 March by the British Royal Navy.

1741-1750

1744 (): The merchant ship was captured in February by the French Navy.

1745 ( British Royal Navy): The 14-gun sloop was captured by the French Navy. (): The 64-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy.

1746 ( British Royal Navy): The 14-gun sloop was captured by the French Navy. (): The 58-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): The 18-gun sloop was captured by the British Royal Navy. ( British Royal Navy): The 10-gun sloop was captured by the French Navy. (): The 60-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): The 64-gun ship was captured in October by the British Royal Navy. ( British Royal Navy): The 50-gun fourth-rate was captured by the French Navy.

1747 (): First Battle of Cape Finisterre, 3 May: The 74-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): First Battle of Cape Finisterre, 3 May: The 50-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): First Battle of Cape Finisterre, 3 May: The 58-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): First Battle of Cape Finisterre, 3 May: The 74-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): First Battle of Cape Finisterre, 3 May: The 74-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): First Battle of Cape Finisterre, 3 May: The 74-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): Second Battle of Cape Finisterre, 14 June: The 74-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): Second Battle of Cape Finisterre, 14 June: The 74-gun third-rate was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): Second Battle of Cape Finisterre, 14 June: The 74-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): Second Battle of Cape Finisterre, 14 June: The 50-gun fourth-rate was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): Second Battle of Cape Finisterre, 14 June: The 74-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): Second Battle of Cape Finisterre, 14 June: The 64-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): The 30-gun fifth-rate was captured by the British Royal Navy's . (): The 70-gun ship was captured on 19 October by the British Royal Navy, after the 4 battles of the Voyage of the Glorioso.

1748 (): The Compagnie des Indes ship was captured by the French Navy. (): The 74-gun third-rate ship was captured by the British Royal Navy.

1751-1760

1755 (): The 64-gun ship was captured on 8 June by the British Royal Navy's and . (): The 64-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy.

1756 (): The 58-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy. ( British Royal Navy): The 60-gun fourth-rate was captured in March by the French Navy.

1757 (): The 50-gun fourth-rate was captured on 17 March by the French Navy. (): The 64-gun ship was captured on 30 May by the British Royal Navy.

1758 (): The privateer was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): The 64-gun ship was captured on 2 November in the Irish Sea by the British Royal Navy's . (): Siege of Louisbourg: The 64-gun ship was captured on 25 July by the British Royal Navy's . (): The 24-gun sixth-rate was captured by the British Royal Navy. (): Battle of Cartagena, 28 February: The 80-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy's , and . (): Battle of Fort Niagara, 2–26 July: The snow was captured uncompleted at Fort Niagara, New France and completed as HMS Mohawk. (): The 64-gun ship was captured in February by the British Royal Navy. (): The 64-gun ship was captured on 29 May by the British Royal Navy's and .

1759 (): The 32-gun frigate was captured on 18 May by the British Royal Navy's , and . (): Battle of Lagos, 19 August: The 74-gun ship was captured on 18 August by the British Royal Navy. (): Battle of Quiberon Bay, 20 November: The 80-gun ship was captured by the British Royal Navy's . (): Battle of Lagos, 19 August: The 64-gun ship was captured on 18 August by the British Royal Navy.