Endangered plants of Europe, the list below contains plants that dwell in or migrate to any region in Europe and any nearby islands of the Atlantic Ocean. This includes plants that are found in the East Atlantic Ocean (Azores), Iceland, the Adriatic Sea, the Sea of Azov, the Black and Caspian Sea, Corsica, Cyprus, Palearctic, Russia, Eurasia, North African Coast, the Mediterranean Sea and islands located in the Mediterranean Sea, and the islands of Spain (Canary, Balearic). As of 2007, twenty-one percent of Europe's vascular plant species (flowering plants, conifers and ferns) are classified as threatened, according to the IUCN. The list below was compiled from data on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species (IUCN) and "Earth's Endangered Creatures" (Online). The International Union for Conservation of Nature, identifies species in need of attention before approaching extinction and works to increase prevention of extinction. The list below includes vulnerable (VU), endangered (EN), critically endangered (CR), and recently extinct (EX) species.
Threatened plants of Europe and their locations PLANT NAME STATUS RANGE/REGION Akamas Centaury (Centaurea akamantis) CR Cyprus Allium iatrouinum CR Greece Antirrhinum subbaeticum EN It originated from Italy but was introduced into Spain Apid den Bermejo (Apium bermejoi) CR Spain Arran Service-tree (Sorbus pseudofennica) CR United Kingdom Astragalus cavanillesii CR Spain Avon Gorge Whitebeam (Sorbus avonensis) CR United Kingdom Azores Juniper (Juniperus brevifolia) VU Portugal (Azores) Barbaricina Colombine (Aquilegia barbaricina) CR Italy Berberis maderensis CR Portugal Betula celtiberica ??? Spain (possibly Great Britain) Betula klokovii CR Ukraine Brimeura duvigneaudii CR Spain Bryoxiphium madeirense EN Portugal Buglosse Crépu (Anchusa crispa) CR France, Italy Bully Tree (Sideroxylon marginatum) CR Cape Verde, Portugal, Spain Bupleuro delle (Bupleurum elatum) CR Madoni Italy Bupleuro di Marettimo (Bupleurum dianthifolium) CR Italy Calligonum triste CR Kazakhstan Canary Islands Juniper (Juniperus cedrus) CR Portugal (Madeira); Spain (Canary Is.) Canary Strawberry Tree (Arbutus canariensis) ??? Spain (Canary Islands) Canutillo del Teide (Silene nocteolens) CR Spain (Canary Is.) Cardón de Jandía (Euphorbia handiensis) VU Spain (Canary Is.) Carum foetidum ??? Algeria, Spain Casey's Larkspur (Delphinium caseyi) CR Cyprus Centranthus amazonum CR Italy (Sardegna) Centaurea borjae EN Spain Centranthus trinervis EN France Cerastium sventenii EN Spain (Canary Islands) Cheddar Whitebeam (Sorbus cheddarensis) CR United Kingdom Cineraria (Senecio elodes) EN Spain Conservilla Majorera (Salvia herbanica) CR Spain (Canary Is.) Cornish Path Moss (Ditrichum cornubicum) CR United Kingdom Cretan Zelkova (Zelkova abelicea) EN Greece Crimean Rowan (Sorbus tauricola) CR Ukraine Cyprus Cedar (Cedrus brevifolia) VU Cyprus Derbyshire Feather-moss (Thamnobryum angustifolium) CR United Kingdom Distichophyllum carinatum CR Austria, Germany and Switzerland Dracaena draco (Canary Islands dragon tree) EN Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands) Echinodium setigerum EN Portugal (Madeira) Echinodium spinosum EN Portugal (Madeira) and Spain (Canary Is.) Echium acanthocarpum CR Spain (Canary Islands) Echium callithyrsum VU Spain (Canary Is.) Echium gentianoides VU Spain (Canary Is.) Echium handiense CR Spain (Canary Is.) Echium portosanctense CR Portugal Erysimum kykkoticum CR Cyprus Evans's Whitebeam (Sorbus evansii) CR United Kingdom Falsa Sanicola (Petagnaea gussonei) EN Italy Flueggea anatolica EN Turkey Gradsteinia torrenticola VU Spain Gyrocaryum oppositifolium VU Spain Harz' Mehlbeere (Sorbus harziana) CR Germany Heberdenia excelsa VU Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands) Helianthemum guerrae EN Spain Maltese Everlasting (Helichrysum melitense) CR Malta Medicago citrina CR Spain Hieracium lucidum CR Italy Horstrissea dolinicola CR Greece Jaramago de Alboran (Diplotaxis siettiana) CR Spain Jasione mansanetiana EN Spain Kythrean Sage (Salvia veneris) CR Cyprus Lamyropsis microcephala CR Italy Larkspur (Delphinium iris) CR Turkey Ligusticum huteri CR Spain Limonium strictissimum EN France, Italy Lithodora nitida EN Spain Llangollen Whitebeam (Sorbus cuneifolia) EN United Kingdom Llanthony Whitebeam (Sorbus stenophylla) EN United Kingdom Lonicera karataviensis CR Kazakhstan Lunetiere de Rotges (Biscutella rotgesii) CR France Lysimachia minoricensis EW (Extinct in the Wild) Spain Maltase Cliff-orache EN Malta Maltese Centaury (Cheirolophus crassifolius) CR Malta Malus niedzwetzkyana EN Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan Manzanilla de Sierra Nevada (Artemisia granatensis) EN Spain Maura Scannell's Whitebeam (Sorbus scannelliana) CR Ireland Meierotts Mehlbeere (Sorbus meierottii) CR Germany Megrelian Birch (Betula megrelica) CR Georgia Minuartia dirphya CR Greece Moehringia fontqueri EN Spain Morris Squill (Scilla morrisii) EN Cyprus Myrica rivas-martinezii CR Spain (Canary Islands) Narcissus gaditanus ??? Portugal, Spain Narcissus lusitanicus VU Portugal, Spain Narcissus nevadensis EN Spain Narcissus willkommii EN Portugal Naufraga balearica CR Spain Nees’ Hornwort (Anthoceros neesii) CR Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland No Parking Tree (Sorbus admonitor) EN United Kingdom Nuragica Columbine (Aquilegia nuragica) CR Italy Ochyraea tatrensis CR Slovakia Orthotrichum handiense CR Spain (Canary Is.) Pleiomeris canariensis CR Spain (Canary Islands) Polygala helenae CR Greece (East Aegean Is.) Polygala sinisica CR Italy Pyrus anatolica ??? Turkey Radula jonesii EN Portugal, Spain (Canary Islands) Rhamnus integrifolia ??? Spain (Canary Islands) Riccia atlantica CR Portugal (Madeira) Salviablanca de Doramas (Sideritis discolor) CR Spain (Canary Is.) Salix canariensis ??? Portugal (Madeira); Spain (Canary Is.) Salix xanthicola VU Bulgaria, Greece Saponaria jagelii CR Greece Sardinian Currant (Ribes sardoum) CR Italy Scapania sphaerifera CR Russia Schuwerk Mehlbeere (Sorbus schuwerkiorum) CR Germany Sea Marigold (Calendula maritima) CR Italy Serbian Spruce (Picea omorika) EN Bosnia and Herzegovina Ship Rock Whitebeam (Sorbus parviloba) CR United Kingdom Shrubby Buckwheat (Atraphaxis muschketowi) EN Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Sibiraea tianschanica CR Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Sicilian Fir (Abies nebrodensis) CR Italy Silene de Ifac (Silene hifacensis) EN Spain and Baleares Silene marizii ??? Portugal, Spain Silene orphanidis EN Greece Solenanthus reverchonii CR Spain Sorbus barrandienica CR Czechia Sorbus busambarensis CR Italy Sorbus cucullifera CR Austria, Czechia Sorbus thayensis CR Austria, Czechia Sorbus milensis CR Czechia Sorbus moravica CR Czechia Sorbus pauca CR Czechia Sorbus portae-bohemicae CR Czechia Sorbus spectans CR United Kingdom Sorbus tobani CR Hungary Sorbus rhodanthera CR Czechia Spiraeanthus schrenkianus EN Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Star Thistle (Centaurea corensis) CR Italy Stonecress (Aethionema retsina) CR Greece Succisella andreae-molinae EN Spain Teucrium balthazaris ??? Spain Thin-Leaved Whitebeam (Sorbus leptophylla) EN United Kingdom Troodos Rockcress (Arabis kennedyae) CR Cyprus Twin Cliffs Whitebeam (Sorbus eminentoides) CR United Kingdom Urartuan Milkwort (Polygala urartu) EN Armenia White's Whitebeam (Sorbus whiteana) CR United Kingdom Würzburger Mehlbeere (Sorbus herbipolitana) CR Germany Yesquera Roja (Helichrysum monogynum) EN Spain (Canary Is.) Yesquera Amarilla (Helichrysum gossypinum) VU Spain (Canary Is.) Yorkshire Feather-moss (Thamnobryum cataractarum) CR United Kingdom Zelkova sicula CR Italy
Conservation Propragation has been conducted using in-vitro techniques in facilities across the country. This method of conservation is used in parts of the world to preserve plants for as long as possible. In-vitro propagation has allowed material to be kept in in-vitro gene banks, and this will expand with deeper developments in cryopreservation technology.
An increasing number of botanic gardens now have in-vitro facilities, and information on techniques is distributed between these in addition to cultures.
See also Threatened mammals of Europe
References