This article provides a list of conflicts that have occurred in the territory of the former Soviet Union. In 1991, the dissolution of the Soviet Union resulted in the emergence of 15 post-Soviet states: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.
List
Central Asia ConflictBelligerentsStartEndDetailFatalitiesTajikistani Civil War Popular Front of Tajikistan Communist Party of Tajikistan Socialist Party of Tajikistan
Supported by: (weapons supplies) UNMOT
United Tajik Opposition Islamic Renaissance Party Tajik Democratic Party Party of People's Unity Rastokhez Popular Movement Lali Badakhshan Afghanistan (until 1996) Jamiat-e Islami (until 1996) Supported by: Inside Al Qaeda: global network of terror, by Rohan Gunaratna, pg. 169 Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan Taliban (alleged, denied by Iran)5 May 199227 June 1997Began when ethnic groups from the Gharm and Gorno-Badakhshan regions of Tajikistan, which were underrepresented in the ruling elite, rose up against the national government of President Rahmon Nabiyev, in which people from the Leninabad and Kulob regions dominated. The war ended with the signing of the General Agreement on the Establishment of Peace and National Accord in Tajikistan and the Moscow Protocol.Tajikistan Civil War Global Security50,000–100,000 killed "killed approximately 40,000-100,000 people and displaced more than one million."Batken conflict (material support) (military support) Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan30 July 199927 September 1999Armed clashes between militants of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) and the Armed Forces of Kyrgyzstan1,182 killedAndijan massacre Government of Uzbekistan National Security Service Ministry of the Interior People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan
Protesters in Andijan
Alleged support: Hizb ut-Tahrir Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan Akromiya13 May 2005Protest and government massacre in the city of Andijan in Uzbekistan187–1,500 killed2010 Kyrgyz Revolution Government of Kyrgyzstan Armed Forces Ministry of the Interior State Committee for National Security Ak Jol SDPK Respublika Ata-Meken Ar-Namys Ata-Zhurt United Kyrgyzstan6 April 201015 April 2010Also known as the People's April Revolution, the Melon Revolution or the April Events. Began with the ousting of Kyrgyz president Kurmanbek Bakiyev in the capital Bishkek. The violence ultimately led to the consolidation of a new parliamentary system in Kyrgyzstan.400+ killed 2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes provisional government Supported by:
Kyrgyzstani Kyrgyz gangs Pro-Bakiyev Kyrgyz Other pro-Bakiyev forces Tajik PMCs Tajikstani Tajiks Russian Tajiks Other mercenaries Uzbekistani Kyrgyz Sokh Uzbekistani Kyrgyz Sogment Uzbekistani Kyrgyz Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (alleged)
Kyrgyzstani Uzbeks Pro-provisional government civilians Uzbekistani Uzbek civilians Sokh Uzbekistani Uzbeks Sogment Uzbekistani Uzbeks (limited involv.)19 May 2010June 2010Clashes between ethnic Kyrgyz and Uzbeks in southern Kyrgyzstan, primarily in the cities of Osh and Jalal-Abad, in the aftermath of the ouster of former President Kurmanbek Bakiyev on April 7.393–893 killedInsurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015) Tajikistan Armed Forces of Tajikistan United Tajik Opposition Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan
Lali Badakhshan Pamiris19 September 20101 September 2015Sporadic fighting in Tajikistan between rebel and government forces.191–206 killedZhanaozen massacre Government of Kazakhstan Ministry of Internal Affairs Internal Troops Police SOBR Oil workers16 December 201117 December 2011Labor protest and government massacre in the city of Zhanaozen in Kazakhstan14+ killed2020 Dungan–Kazakh ethnic clashesEthnic DungansEthnic Kazakhs5 February 20208 February 2020Clashes between ethnic Kazakhs and ethnic Dungans (a Muslim group with Chinese origins) in the village of Masanchi within the Korday District of Kazakhstan.11 killed2020 Kyrgyz Revolution Government of Kyrgyzstan Pro-government parties Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan Birimdik Mekenim Kyrgyzstan (factions) Kyrgyzstan party Law enforcement Protesters People's Coordinating Council Ata Meken Socialist Party Bir Bol Respublika Reform Party United Kyrgyzstan
Social Democrats Chon Kazat Iyman Nuru
Sadyr Japarov supporters Mekenchil Mekenim Kyrgyzstan (factions) Protesters5 October 202015 October 2020Revolution caused by alleged electoral fraud in the October 2020 Kyrgyz parliamentary election, overnment corruption, government response to the COVID-19 pandemic and arrest and conviction of former president Almazbek Atambayev on corruption charges.1 killed2021 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes 28 April 20211 May 2021Clashes between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan over water dispute.45 killed2022 Kazakh unrest Government of Kazakhstan Kazakh oppositionProtesters2 January 202211 January 2022Protests across Kazakhstan that were sparked by an abrupt increase of gas prices, but have escalated into general protests. Kazakhstan's government has requested CSTO assistance in quelling the protests.257 killed2022 Karakalpak protests Government of Uzbekistan State Security Service Ministry of the Interior Uzbekistan Police
Uzbekistan National Guard Supreme Council of Karakalpakstan protesters1 July 20223 July 2022Over proposed amendments by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev to the Constitution of Uzbekistan which would have ended Karakalpakstan's status as an autonomous region of Uzbekistan and right to secede from Uzbekistan via referendum. A day after protests began in the Karakalpak capital of Nukus, Mirziyoyev withdrew the constitutional amendments. The Karakalpak government said that protesters had attempted to storm government buildings.21 killed2022 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes Afghan mujahids (per Kyrgyzstan) 27 January 202220 September 2022Clashes between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan146 killedAfghanistan–Tajikistan border skirmishes Tajikistan Jamaat Ansarullah Other anti-Tajikistan militants National Resistance Front Other anti-Taliban militants 15 May 2022PresentOccasional skirmishes have occurred along the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border between the Taliban-led Afghan Armed Forces and Tajikistani Border Troops.8–10 killed
Caucasus
North Caucasus
ConflictBelligerentsStartEndDetailFatalitiesEast Prigorodny conflict North Ossetia Russian Federation Ingush rebels30 October 19926 November 1992Inter-ethnic conflict in the Eastern part of the Prigorodny district.600 killedFirst Chechen War Loyalist opposition
Foreign volunteers: Foreign Mujahideen UNA-UNSO UNSO's "Argo" squad Viking Brigade Grey Wolves11 December 199431 August 1996Russian troops invaded after Chechnya declared independence, but withdrew in 1996 leading to a de facto Chechen independence.46,500 killedWar in Dagestan (1999) Armed Forces Army Navy Air Force VDV Spetsnaz GRU FSB MVD Militsiya Internal Troops OMON SOBR Dagestan Dagestani police and local militia Islamic Djamaat of Dagestan CPID Chechnya IIPB SPIR Religious Police7 August 199914 September 1999The Islamic International Brigade invaded the neighbouring Russian republic of Dagestan in support of the Shura of Dagestan separatist movement.2,775 killedSecond Chechen War Provisional Council (until 2000) Chechen Republic (from 2000) Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (1999–2007) Caucasian Front (2005–2007) Caucasus Emirate (2007–2009) North Caucasian volunteers Mujahideen Grey Wolves7 August 199916 April 2009Russia restores federal control of Chechnya.20,500 killedSecond Chechen War: Causes, Dynamics and Termination – A Civil War between Risk and Opportunity?, 5 November 2004, Social Science Research NetworkInsurgency in Ingushetia Russia Ingushetia Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (until Oct 2007) Caucasian Front (until Oct 2007) Caucasus Emirate (from Oct 2007) Vilayat Galgayche (from Oct 2007) Ingush opposition (2007–2008) ad hoc revenge groups21 July 200719 May 2015Separatist insurgency in Ingushetia.871 killedInsurgency in the North Caucasus
Wilayat al-Qawqaz16 April 200919 December 2017Separatist insurgency in Chechnya, Dagestan, and other parts of the North Caucasus region.3,500 killedIslamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus20 December 2017PresentOngoing terror activity of the Islamic State branch in the North Caucasus after the insurgency of the Caucasus Emirate.250+ killed
South Caucasus ConflictBelligerentsStartEndDetailFatalitiesFirst Nagorno-Karabakh War Azerbaijan (from 1991) (until 1991)
Armenian Revolutionary Federation 20 February 198812 May 1994The secessionist conflict leads to de facto independence of Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh Republic).28,000–38,000 killedSouth Ossetia war (1991–1992) Georgia (1992)5 January 199124 June 1992The separatist conflict leads to South Ossetia's de facto independence from Georgia.1,000 killedGeorgian Civil War22 December 199131 December 1993A civil war leads to the overthrow of the first President of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia and his replacement with new President Eduard Shevardnadze.2,000 killedWar in Abkhazia (1992–1993) Abkhazia Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus Supported by: 14 August 199230 September 1993Abkhaz separatism leads to the de facto independence of Abkhazia from Georgia.10,000–30,000 killed1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état Huseynov militia Supported by: Azerbaijani Government APFP 4 June 199315 June 1993A mutiny against Azerbaijani President Abulfaz Elchibey replaces him with Heydar AliyevUnknown1994 Azerbaijani coup attempt Huseynov militia Supported by: Government of Azerbaijan Azerbaijani Armed Forces3 October 19945 October 1994The government troops thwart a coup led by Prime Minister Surat Huseynov against President Heydar Aliyev after he signed a deal with the Western consortium to explore three oil fields in the Caspian Sea, which angered Russia. Huseynov previously led a coup in 1993 to install Aliyev in power.None1995 Azerbaijani coup attempt Special Purpose Police Unit Turkish putschists Supported by: Nationalist Movement Party Government of Azerbaijan Azerbaijani Armed Forces Supported by: Government of Turkey 13 March 199517 March 1995A failed attempt to reinstall former president Abulfaz Elchibey31 killedWar in Abkhazia (1998) n insurgents White Legion Mkhedrioni Forest Brothers18 May 199826 May 1998Ethnic Georgians in Abkhazia launched an insurgency against the Abkhazian secessionist government.100 killed1998 Georgian attempted mutiny Georgian Government Georgian Army Georgian Police18 October 199819 October 1998An abortive mutiny led by pro-Gamsakhurdia officers from the Senaki Military Brigade to remove new President Eduard Shevardnadze from power.5 killedGeorgian Revolt Quashed. Washington Post. 20 October 1998.2001 Kodori crisis Chechen division under Gelayev Georgian guerrillas Abkhaz military 4 October 200118 October 2001Georgian guerrillas unsuccessfully try to regain control over Abkhazia with the help of Chechen fighters.At least 40 killedPankisi Gorge crisis Georgia Supported by:
Chechen militants Mujahideen in Chechnya Other jihadists November 2000October 2002An incursion by Al-Qaeda forces into Georgia on behalf of Chechen rebels fighting in the North Caucasus. They were forced out in 2004 by Georgian forces with American and Russian backing.Unknown2004 South Ossetian clashes Georgia7 July 20045 November 2004Clashes between Georgian and South Ossetian troops result in several deaths.22 killed2006 Kodori crisis Georgia Interior Ministry