Kohoutek (feminine: Kohoutková) is a Czech surname. It is a diminutive of the word kohout and the surname Kohout. Notable people with the surname include:
Ctirad Kohoutek (1929–2011), Czech composer and music theorist Luboš Kohoutek (1935–2023), Czech astronomer
See also Comet Kohoutek, a comet discovered by and named in honor of the astronomer 1850 Kohoutek, an asteroid named in honor of the astronomer