Noida, short for New Okhla Industrial Development Authority, is a city located in Gautam Buddha Nagar district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is a part of the National Capital Region (NCR). Situated in the floodplain region between the Yamuna and the Hindon rivers, the city was established in 1976, and is regarded as one of the most systematically planned cities in India. It was designed under the NCR planning strategy to decentralise growth from Delhi. The Gautam Buddha Nagar District, which includes the cities of Noida, Greater Noida and YEIDA City contributes, over 10% to the Uttar Pradesh GSDP, more than 2.5 times the state capital district of Lucknow, which contributes 4%.
Noida is frequently ranked as one of India's greenest cities, boasting over 50% green cover, including botanical gardens and biodiversity parks. The city emphasises sustainable development, green corridors, and high-quality landscaping. As per provisional reports of Census of India, the population of Noida in 2011 was 642,381. The city is managed and maintained by the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA). The district's administrative headquarters are in the nearby city of Greater Noida. The city is a part of the Noida (Vidhan Sabha) constituency and Gautam Buddha Nagar (Lok Sabha) constituency. Noida was ranked as the "Best City in Uttar Pradesh" in the "Best City Awards" conducted by ABP News in 2015. It is also ranked the cleanest city in medium category cities (cities with a population of 300,000 to 1,000,000) and 4th cleanest city among cities with less than 1,000,000 people.
Noida is a prominent IT hub of India, for several software development companies, such as Microsoft, Arm Holdings, HCL, Samsung and Barclays. The city has evolved into a prominent economic engine, owing to concentrations of information technology firms, electronics assembly, automotive production, logistics facilities and news broadcasting houses. As of August 2025, Noida accommodates approximately 11,000 industrial units. Noida is the leading mobile manufacturing hub in India, home to the Samsung, Xiaomi, Google Pixel, Vivo and OPPO, collectively responsible for over 60% of India's mobile production. A new planned city, Greater Noida extensions further expand capacity with new SEZs and tech parks.
History Noida came into administrative existence on 17 April 1976 and celebrates 17 April as "Noida Day". It was set up as part of an urbanisation thrust during the controversial Emergency period (1975–1977). The city was created under the UP Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 by the initiatives of Sanjay Gandhi. The city has the highest per capita income in Uttar Pradesh, ahead of Lucknow. Noida is classified as a special economic zone (SEZ). The Noida Authority is among the richest civic bodies in the country.
Geography Noida is located in the Gautam Buddh Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh state of India. Noida is about southeast of New Delhi, northwest of the district headquarters, Greater Noida, and northwest of the state capital, Lucknow. It is bound on the west and southwest by the Yamuna River, on the north and northwest by the city of Delhi, on the northeast by the cities of Delhi and Ghaziabad on the north-east, east, and south-east by the Hindon River. Noida falls under the catchment area of the Yamuna River, and is located on the old riverbed. The soil is rich and loamy.
Climate Noida features a hot semi arid climate (BSh) under the Köppen climate classification.
In summer (March to June), the weather remains hot and the temperature ranges from a maximum of 48 °C to a minimum of 30 °C.
Monsoon season prevails from late-June to mid-September.
The cold waves from the Himalayan region make the winters in Noida chilly and harsh. Temperatures can fall to as low as 2 °C at the peak of the winter season. Noida also has fog and smoke problems. In January, a dense fog envelops the city, reducing visibility on the streets.
Noida has been ranked 6th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.
Demographics According to voter data published by the Election Commission of India has constituency-level estimates for the GB Nagar Lok Sabha seat in Gautam Buddha Nagar district, community-wise population figures are often discussed during elections. Reports suggest that the Rajput community is estimated at around 4.5–5 lakh individuals thus making them single-largest voter group in Gautam Buddha Nagar (Noida). Other estimates indicate approximately 3–3.5 lakh Gujjars, around 2.5–3 lakh Brahmins, and nearly 4 lakh voters belonging to Scheduled Castes and Communities. The Muslim population in the constituency is believed to be close to 3.5 lakh, making them a significant part of the electoral landscape.
As per provisional data of 2011 census, Noida had a population of 637,272 out of which the male population was 349,397 and the female population was 287,875. The literacy rate was 88.58 per cent. Male literacy was 92.90% and female literacy was 83.28%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 6.67% and 0.29% of the population respectively.
There are people of almost all major religions, but the majority practice Hinduism. Many famous Hindu temples are located in the city, some of the more famous ones are the Hanuman temple in Sector 22, the Kalibari Temple in Sector 26, the ISKCON temple in Sector 33, Shree Jagannath Temple in Sector 34, Sai Baba Temple in Sector 61, Shiv Mandir in Sector 31, Shri Ram Mandir in Sector 36 and the Kuti Temple at Sec 163 Mohiyapur. Locals believe that the birth of Ravana also took place on the outskirts of Noida in a village called Bishrakh (near Noida-Greater Noida border). A Shia Jama Masjid in Sector 50 and St. Gregorios Indian Orthodox Church in Sector 51, Mar Thoma Church in Sector 50, and St. Mary's Catholic Church in Sector 34 are also well known.
Hindi is the most spoken language. Other languages such as Urdu and Punjabi, are spoken by a minority. There is a smattering of speakers of other languages due to Ghaziabad's position in the Delhi metro area.
Government and politics
Administration Water Management
Noida has been selected as a ‘water warrior’ city by the Jal Shakti Ministry for its wastewater reutilisation for irrigation purposes. Under Noida's jurisdiction, there are currently eight operational sewage treatment plants (STPs), with a combined capacity of 411 MLD.
Authority The city's infrastructure is looked after by the NOIDA Authority, a statutory authority set-up under Uttar Pradesh Industrial Area Development Act, 1976. NOIDA Authority's head is its chairman, who is an IAS officer; the authority's daily matters, however, are looked after by its CEO, who is also an IAS officer. NOIDA Authority comes under the Infrastructure and Industrial Development Department of Uttar Pradesh Government. The present Chairman of NOIDA Authority is Deepak Kumar (IAS) and CEO is Krishna Karunesh (IAS).
General administration The Gautam Budh Nagar district is a part of Meerut division, headed by the Divisional Commissioner, who is an IAS officer of high seniority. The Commissioner is the head of local government institutions (including Municipal Corporations) in the division, is in-charge of infrastructure development in his division, and is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the division. The District Magistrate, hence, reports to the Divisional Commissioner of Meerut. The current Divisional Commissioner of Meerut is Smt. Selva Kumari J. (IAS).
Gautam Budh Nagar district administration is headed by the District Magistrate (DM) of Gautam Budh Nagar, who is an IAS officer. The DM is in charge of property records and revenue collection for the central government and oversee the national elections held in the city.
The district magistrate is assisted by one chief development officer, three additional district magistrates (ADM) (Executive, Finance & Revenue and Law & Order), and one city magistrate. The district has divided into three Subdivisions named Noida Sadar, Dadri, and Jewar each headed by a sub-divisional magistrate (SDM) who reports to the district magistrate. The current DM of Gautam Buddha Nagar (Noida) since is Medha Roopam (IAS).
Law enforcement In January 2020, the government of Uttar Pradesh, led by CM Yogi Adityanath announced that Gautam Buddha Nagar (Noida) and Lucknow will have a Commissionerate Police system, headed by a Commissioner of Police who shall directly report to the DGP of Uttar Pradesh Police. The Commissioner of Police (Additional DGP rank) is assisted by two Additional Commissioner of Police (Deputy IGP rank). Below them, there are seven Deputy Commissioner of Police/DCP (SP rank).
Noida is divided into three police zones i.e. Noida, Central Noida and Greater Noida, each of them under a zonal DCP (SP rank). Apart from these three zonal DCPs, Noida Police has four other DCP looking after Headquarters, Traffic, Crime, and Women Safety. Below them, there are 16 Assistant Commissioner of Police/ACP (Deputy SP rank). The current Commissioner of Noida Police is Laxmi Singh, an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer.
Courts The Court for Noida is situated at District Court Complex, Surajpur Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar formed in 2012 with 18 courts in function. The court complex at Surajpur Greater Noida is built on more than 30 acres of land. The infrastructure of the Court is neat and clean with good size courtrooms.
Constituencies Noida (Assembly constituency) represents the area. The incumbent Member of the Legislative Assembly in the Noida (assembly constituency) is Pankaj Singh of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The city falls under the Gautam Buddha Nagar parliamentary constituency, and the incumbent Member of Parliament is Mahesh Sharma.
Residential sectors and villages Noida is home to a large number of residential sectors and villages. As of 2021, the city has a total of 168 residential sectors that offer a range of housing options to its residents.
Geographical areaPopulation1,105,290; 600,950(M), 504,340 (F)Literate627,930; 402,230(M), 225,700 (F)Tehsils3Development blocks4Nyay panchayat38Gram sabha243Inhabited village343Inhabited village30Towns8Sourcehttp://gbnagar.nic.in/
Utilities Infrastructure Noida ranks one of the cleanest medium population cities when it comes to cleanliness among cities in India. The creation of associated physical infrastructure is higher in Noida and Greater Noida.The uneven growth in NCR. Financialexpress.com. Retrieved on 21 July 2013. Most of the land in Noida is not very fertile and the agricultural output is low. It is in the flood plains of the Yamuna River on one side and the Hindon River on the other. Many villages are visible from the Noida Expressway, beginning from the Mahamaya flyover to Greater Noida on both sides. One end of the Taj expressway terminates on Noida Expressway near the Hindon River and the other at Agra. Up until the 1980s, these villages were flooded every two–three years, resulting in people temporarily moving to other places in Noida, and even as far as Mehrauli in South Delhi. Noida is also famous for its tall buildings and comes 2nd in India after Mumbai in this parameter.
The new Parthala Flyover in Noida, which is often compared to the iconic Signature Bridge, is a major infrastructure improvement for the region. The flyover spans across the busy Parthala Chowk intersection, providing a faster and more efficient route for commuters. With its sleek and modern design, the Parthala Flyover has quickly become a landmark in the area and has drawn comparisons to the Signature Bridge in Delhi. While it may not have the same scale or grandeur as the Signature Bridge, the Parthala Flyover is a significant development that has greatly improved the flow of traffic in Noida and reduced travel time for commuters.