The Chrysauginae are a subfamily of snout moths (family Pyralidae). They are primarily Neotropical and include about 400 described species.
Description and ecology The subfamily includes the sloth moths (genera Cryptoses, Bradypodicola and Bradypophila). The caterpillar larvae of these species feed on the dung of sloths, and adults live in the sloths' fur. Other unusual Chrysauginae caterpillars have been found in Hymenoptera nests and on the spines of caterpillars of the brush-footed butterfly genus Automeris. However, their larvae usually feed on plants, boring into seed, fruits, stems and roots, or rolling and spinning leaves together to form a hideout.
While the adults are fairly undistinguished, Chrysauginae larvae can usually be recognized unequivocally by the sclerotised ring around seta SD1 of the metathorax.
Systematics In 1995, Solis et al. compiled a checklist of Chrysauginae for the Western Hemisphere. However, phylogenetic analyses have not been conducted. Shaffer et al. tentatively placed four Australian genera in the subfamily in 1996; research on the adults failed to support this, and larvae are unknown.
Abaera Walker, 1859 Acallidia Schaus, 1913 Acallis Ragonot, 1891 Acutia Ragonot, 1891 Adenopteryx Ragonot, 1891 Ahyalosticta Amsel, 1956 Anassodes Turner, 1932 Anemosa Walker, 1859 (= Drymiarcha Meyrick, 1885) Anemosella Dyar, 1914 (= Balidarcha Dyar, 1914) Anisothrix Ragonot, 1891 Arbinia Möschler, 1881 Area Ragonot, 1891 Arouva Walker, 1864 Arta Grote, 1875 (= Xantippides Dyar, 1908) Azamora Walker, 1858 (= Amblyura Lederer, 1863, Arica Walker, 1863, Thylacophora Ragonot, 1891, Torda Walker, 1863) Basacallis Cashatt, 1969 Bisinusia Amsel, 1956 Blepharocerus C. É. Blanchard, 1852 (= Blepharocorus C. É. Blanchard, 1852) Bonchis Walker, 1862 (= Ethnistis Lederer, 1863, Gazaca Walker, 1866, Vurna Walker, 1866, Zarania Walker, 1866) Bradypodicola Spuler, 1906 Bradypophila Ihering, 1914 Callasopia Möschler, 1890 Caphys Walker, 1863 (= Euexippe Ragonot, 1891, Ugra Walker, 1863) Cappsia Pastrana, 1953 Carcha Walker, 1859 (= Coeloma Möschler, 1890) Casuaria Walker, 1866 (= Saccopleura Ragonot, 1891) Catadupa Walker, 1863 Chenevadia Dyar, 1914 Chrysauge Hübner, 1823 (= Candisa Walker, 1866) Chrysophila Hübner, 1831 (= Eurypta Lederer, 1863) Clydonopteron N. D. Riley, 1880 Condylolomia Grote, 1873 (= Cordylolomia Rye, 1875) Craftsia Dyar, 1914 Cromarcha Dyar, 1914 Cryptoses Dyar, 1908 Cyclidalis Hampson, 1906 Cyclopalpia Hampson, 1897 Dastira Walker, 1859 Dasycnemia Ragonot, 1891 (= Hyalosticta Hampson, 1897, Potosa Capps, 1952) Deopteryx Dyar, 1914 Derbeta Walker, 1866 Diloxis Hampson, 1897 Distortia Amsel, 1956 Drepanodia Ragonot, 1892 Eobrena Dyar, 1914 Epidelia Ragonot, 1891 Epiparachma Amsel, 1956 Epitamyra Ragonot, 1891 Erioptycha Ragonot, 1891 Eupilocera Dognin, 1909 Galasa Walker, 1866 (= Cordylopeza Zeller, 1873) Galasodes Amsel, 1956 Gephyra Walker, 1859 (= Replicia Dyar, 1914) Gephyrella Dyar, 1914 Hednotodes Lower, 1893 (= Calliphlycta Hampson, 1918) Heliades Ragonot, 1891 Heterauge Hampson, 1906 Holoperas Warren, 1891 Humiphila Becker, 1974 Hyperparachma Warren, 1891 (= Parachmopsis Amsel, 1956) Hypocosmia Ragonot, 1891 Idnea Herrich-Schäffer, 1858 (= Auchoteles Zeller, 1877, Corybissa Walker, 1863, Uzeda Walker, 1863) Idneodes Ragonot, 1892 Itambe Ragonot, 1892 Lepidomys Guenée, 1852 (= Chalinitis Ragonot, 1891) Lophopleura Ragonot, 1891 Lophopleuropsis Amsel, 1956 Martiniodes Amsel, 1956 Megacaphys Hampson, 1916 Michaelshaffera Solis, 1998 Microrca Amsel, 1956 Microsauge Amsel, 1956 Microzancla Hampson, 1897 Mimetauge Munroe, 1970 Monoloxis Hampson, 1897 Murgisca Walker, 1863 (= Pachymorphus Möschler, 1890) Myolisa Dyar, 1914 Nachaba Walker, 1859 (= Ascha Walker, 1864) Navura Schaus, 1913 Negalasa Barnes & McDunnough, 1913 Neocaphys Amsel, 1956 Ocoba Dyar, 1914 Ocresia Ragonot, 1891 Oectoperodes Ragonot, 1892 Oedmatodes Ragonot, 1892 (= Oedematodes Hampson, 1897) Ophias Ragonot, 1891 Oryctopleura Ragonot, 1891 Pachypalpia Hampson, 1895 Pachypodistes Hampson, 1905 (= Conotambe Dyar, 1914) Parachma Walker, 1866 (= Artopsis Dyar, 1908, Perseistis Strand, 1921, Perseis Ragonot, 1891, Zazaca Walker, 1866) Paragalasa Cashatt, 1969 Paramacna Warren, 1889 (= Acroppterygella Strand, 1917, Acropterygella Neave, 1939, Acropteryx Ragonot, 1891) Parasopia Möschler, 1890 Paridnea Ragonot, 1892 (= Batia Walker, 1867) Passelgis Dyar, 1914 Pelasgis Ragonot, 1891 Penthesilea Ragonot, 1891 Pionidia Hampson, 1897 Plagerepne Tams, 1926 Polloccia Dyar, 1910 (= Pollocia Neave, 1940) Polyterpnes Turner, 1932 Protrichia Hampson, 1897 Psectrodes Ragonot, 1891 Pyrauge Hampson, 1906 Pyraustodes Ragonot, 1891 Quadrischistis Amsel, 1956 Ramphidium Geyer in Hübner, 1837 (= Acrodegmia Ragonot, 1891) Rhynchotosale Hampson, 1916 Rucuma Walker, 1863 Salobrena Walker, 1863 (= Ballonicha Möschler, 1886, Oectoperia Zeller, 1875, Salobrana Fernald, 1902, Teucronoma Meyrick, 1936) Samcova Walker, 1863 Sanguesa Walker, 1863 Sarcistis Hampson, 1897 Satole Dyar, 1908 Schistoneura Ragonot, 1891 Semnia Hübner, 1823 (= Acronolepia Westwood, 1835, Episemnia Ragonot, 1891) Speosia Schaus, 1913 Sthenobaea Ragonot, 1891 (= Parabaera Dognin, 1904, Sthenauge Hampson, 1906) Streptopalpia Hampson, 1895 Tamyra Herrich-Schäffer, 1858 (= Lametia Walker, 1859, Tamyrodes Ragonot, 1891) Tetraschistis Hampson, 1897 Tharsanthes Meyrick, 1936 Thermotesia Hampson, 1916 Tippecoa Dyar, 1914 Torotambe Dyar, 1914 Tosale Walker, 1863 (= Fabatana Walker, 1866, Restidia Dyar, 1914, Siparocera Grote, 1875, Callocera Grote, 1875, Siparocera Robinson, 1876, Uliosoma Warren, 1891) Ungulopsis Amsel, 1956 Voglia Amsel, 1956 Xantippe Ragonot, 1891 Zaboba Dyar, 1914 Zamanna Dyar, 1914 Zanclodes Ragonot, 1891
References
Savela, Markku (2011): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms: Chrysauginae. Version of March 7, 2011. Retrieved May, 2011. Solis, M. Alma (2007): Phylogenetic studies and modern classification of the Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera). Revista Colombiana de Entomología 33(1): 1–8 [English with Spanish abstract]. HTML fulltext