Shilov () is a widespread family name among Russians. It is derived from the word "шило", awl. Notable people of this name include:
Alexander Ivanovich Shilov (?-1799), one of the founders of the Skoptzy sect Alexander Maxovich Shilov (b. 1943), prominent Russian portrait painter Alexander Yevgenyevich Shilov (1930–2014), Soviet expert in physical chemistry Georgii Evgen'evich Shilov (1917–1975), Soviet mathematician and expert in functional analysis Igor Alexandrovich Shilov (1921-?), Soviet biologist ecologist Nikolay Alexandrovich Shilov (1872–1930), Russian expert in physical chemistry Sergei Evgenevich Shilov (b. 1969), notable Russian writer and essayist Vassily Shilov, a Russian explorer and merchant who created the first map of the Aleutian Islands in 1763