The year 1581 in science and technology included the following notable events.

Geophysics Robert Norman publishes his observations of magnetic dip in The Newe Attractive (London).

Medicine Roderigo Lopez becomes the physician-in-chief to Queen Elizabeth I of England until his death by execution, having been found guilty of plotting to poison her.

Births October 9 – Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, French mathematician (died 1638) Edmund Gunter, English mathematician (died 1626). approximate – Gaspare Aselli, Italian anatomist (died 1626).

Deaths Agatha Streicher, German physician (born 1520).

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