Hunyad (today mainly Hunedoara) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary, of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom and of the Principality of Transylvania. Its territory is now in Romania in Transylvania. The capital of the county was Déva (present-day Deva).

Geography

After 1876, Hunyad county shared borders with Romania and the Hungarian counties Krassó-Szörény, Arad, Torda-Aranyos, Alsó-Fehér and Szeben. Its area was 7,809 km2 around 1910.

Etymology The toponym Hunyad most likely comes from the Hungarian verb, meaning 'to close' or 'to die'. According to linguist Géza Kuun, the name may keep the memory of the Huns.

History

The first known civilization living on the territory were the Scythian Agathyrsi and Sigynnae. Later the Dacians under their leader Burebista established solid control over the territory, but were conquered and massacred by the Roman Empire. Hunyad was part of Roman Dacia for a short time, but by the 3rd century it was occupied by the Goths, later by the Vandals and Gepids. The nomadic Avars conquered Transylvania in 567, and remained the ethnic majority even after the collapse of their khaganate. The Igech, Szerekes, Andos and Zeyk noble families are all of Avar origin, along with the name of the river Zsil.

Hunyad county was formed in the Middle Ages. It was first attested in 1265 as Hungnod by the Papal Quitrent Register.

The battle between John Hunyadi and Mezid Bey, fought within the Kingdom of Hungary: Older historiography places it at Szeben in Transylvania, while modern historiography locates the battle at the Iron Gate Pass (Vaskapu in Hungarian) in Hunyad county, southwestern Transylvania.

In 1876, when the administrative structure of Transylvania was changed, its territory was modified to include about two thirds of the former Zaránd County (Brád/Brad and Körösbánya/Baia de Criș districts) and the Saxon seat of Broos/Orăștie. In 1920, by the Treaty of Trianon, the county became part of Romania. Most of its territory lies in the present Romanian county Hunedoara; a strip in the east is now part of Alba and a strip in the west is now part of Caraș-Severin County (the commune Băuţar).

Demographics

+ Population by mother tongue Census Total Romanian Hungarian German Other or unknown 1880 248,464 217,414 (90.28%) 12,278 (5.10%) 6,968 (2.89%) 4,166 (1.73%) 1890 267,895 238,486 (89.02%) 17,167 (6.41%) 8,047 (3.00%) 4,195 (1.57%) 1900 303,838 257,013 (84.59%) 32,316 (10.64%) 9,189 (3.02%) 5,320 (1.75%) 1910 340,135 271,675 (79.87%) 52,720 (15.50%) 8,101 (2.38%) 7,639 (2.25%)

+ Population by religion Census Total Eastern Orthodox Greek Catholic Roman Catholic Calvinist Jewish Lutheran Other or unknown 1880 248,464 177,725 (71.53%) 48,381 (19.47%) 11,883 (4.78%) 6,568 (2.64%) 1,996 (0.80%) 1,799 (0.72%) 112 (0.05%) 1890 267,895 190,018 (70.93%) 50,520 (18.86%) 15,121 (5.64%) 7,351 (2.74%) 2,470 (0.92%) 2,202 (0.82%) 213 (0.08%) 1900 303,838 204,350 (67.26%) 55,116 (18.14%) 24,993 (8.23%) 11,398 (3.75%) 4,056 (1.33%) 3,269 (1.08%) 656 (0.22%) 1910 340,135 217,425 (63.92%) 60,024 (17.65%) 34,668 (10.19%) 16,675 (4.90%) 5,679 (1.67%) 4,110 (1.21%) 1,554 (0.46%)

Subdivisions

In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Hunyad County were:

Districts (járás) District Capital AlgyógyAlgyógyalfalu (now Geoagiu) BrádBrád (now Brad) DévaDéva (now Deva) HátszegHátszeg (now Hațeg) KőrösbányaKőrösbánya (now Baia de Criș) MarosillyeMarosillye (now Ilia) PetrozsényPetrozsény (now Petroșani) PujPuj (now Pui) SzászvárosSzászváros (now Orăștie) VajdahunyadVajdahunyad (now Hunedoara)Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város)Déva (now Deva)Hátszeg (now Hațeg) Szászváros (now Orăștie)Vajdahunyad (now Hunedoara)

Notes

Sources

References