The Philippine Military Academy ( / ), also referred to by its acronym PMA, is a military academy in Baguio City, Philippines. It was established on December 21, 1936, by the virtue of National Defense Act of 1935. It is patterned after the United States Military Academy, in West Point, New York.
Cadet candidates for admission must undergo and pass series of testing (Written, Physical, Medical and Neuro-Psychiatric); around 400 men and women enter the academy each June. Students are officers-in-training and referred to as "cadets" or collectively as the "Cadet Corps Armed Forces of the Philippines" (CCAFP). Tuition and monthly allowances are fully funded by the government in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation.
The academic program grants a Bachelor of Science in Management Major in Security Studies with a curriculum that maintains a high level standard of cadet's performance in academics, military tactics and sports & physical fitness. Graduates are commissioned as second lieutenants in the Philippine Army and Philippine Air Force and as ensigns in the Philippine Navy.
History
An Officer's School of the Philippine Constabulary was established on February 17, 1905, within the walls of Intramuros, Manila. This school was relocated to Baguio on September 1, 1908, at Camp Henry Allen where it would stay for many years to come. On February 4, 1916, a cadet academy denominated the Academy for officers of the Philippine Constabulary was created for training and instructing cadets and preparing them for service as commissioned officers of the Philippine Constabulary or of any other armed force of the Philippine Government which might later be created.
Just months later, on October 23, 1916, during the 4th Philippine Legislature session, Senator Hadji Butu Abdul Baqui, representing Mindanao and Sulu, sponsored his first bill, Senate Bill No. 9 creating a law establishing a military academy in the country and to require military instruction in colleges and universities. On the same day, he also sponsored Senate Bill No. 10 creating a law to establish a naval academy. Three months later, US President Woodrow Wilson congratulated Senator Hadji Butu "for being the first among those in the upper house to introduce measures for their establishment", saying that military or naval training will be a good thing for the young men of the country.
On December 8, 1928, the academy was renamed as The Philippine Constabulary Academy.
The National Defense Act was approved on December 21, 1935, creating the Army of the Philippines and incorporating the Constabulary into that organization. The Act also established a Constabulary Division within the PMA and a Philippine Military Academy (PMA), but specified that the PMA operation was not a Constabulary function. The PMA was modeled after the United States Military Academy with officers from the Philippine Scouts and regular United States Army as instructors and members of the general staff. The PMA Class of 1940, with 79 graduates, was the pioneer batch to complete four years of training. Quirico Evangelista and Reynaldo Mendoza of Class '40 composed the PMA alma mater song, "PMA, Oh Hail to Thee."
With the outbreak of the Second World War, training was disrupted at the PMA with Classes 1942 and 1943 being graduated prematurely and assigned to combat units in Bataan and other parts of the country. Many of these young officers perished in the war.
After the war, the academy was reopened on May 5, 1947, at Camp Henry T. Allen in Baguio and, due to its increasing need for larger grounds, was soon moved to its present location at Fort General Gregorio H. del Pilar, Loakan, some ten kilometers from downtown Baguio. The main building, Melchor Hall, was completed in 1949 under the supervision of military engineer Lt. Pacifico C. Cabrera, a decorated WWII hero, who later as a full colonel, became Chief of Engineers of the AFP. During the 1960s, as a need for more well-rounded individuals was found to be desirable, and socio-humanistic courses were added to the school's curriculum.
On 18 March 1987, the PMA was targeted by a bomb attack that killed a colonel, two enlisted men and a civilian woman, and injured 38 people, including 17 civilians. The explosion occurred at a grandstand during a rehearsal for the annual graduation ceremonies that were to be attended by President Corazon Aquino. Some sources suggested that "disgruntled military elements" may have been responsible.
During the August 1987 Philippine coup attempt, all 863 cadets of the academy mounted a silent demonstration of support for the coup before donning combat gear and reiterating their support over the radio. After a briefing by two senior Reform the Armed Forces Movement members, the group set out at midnight on 29 August to launch a takeover of Baguio, only to abort the plan after being informed by sentries of the coup's failure. The incident prompted Vice President Salvador Laurel and other government officials to launch a dialogue with them, while the academy administration suspended classes for two days and confined the entire student body inside the campus for 90 days.
In 1993, the PMA admitted its first female cadets and introduced specialization based on branch-of-service. Senator Santanina Rasul authored Republic Act 6949, the law recognizing March 8 each year as National Women’s Day in the Philippines and together with the late Senator Raul Roco authored Republic Act 7192 or the Women in Development and Nation Building Act. The RA 7192 outlawed discrimination against women, opening the doors of the Philippine Military Academy to women, and mandating that a substantial portion of government funds at all levels be used for programs that would benefit and develop women's capabilities. Senator Rasul is the daughter in law of the late Senator Hadji Butu who authored the bill in 1916 to establish a military academy. The first female cadets graduated from the academy in 1997.
In 1998, a proclamation by President Joseph Estrada, while acknowledging that the academy's roots lay with the Philippine Constabulary school founded on February 17, 1905, changed the celebration date of the academy's founding to October 25, in honor of the Academia Militar which was established in Malolos, Bulacan on October 25, 1898. The Academia Militar was opened during the establishment of the insurgent First Philippine Republic. It was closed on January 20, 1899, before the Philippine–American War and thus was the first ever all-Filipino military academy to be established. Other sources have since acknowledged this change.
The academy also has a museum exhibiting historical weapons and tanks of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The Air Power Park was opened on February 18, 2022, to exhibit a collection of retired aircraft of the Philippine Air Force (PAF). The collection included the SIAI Marchetti S.211, Cessna T-41 Mescalero, Bell UH-1 Iroquois, SIAI-Marchetti SF.260, Northrop F-5, McDonnell Douglas MD-520MG Defender, Vought F-8 Crusader, and MBB Bo 105.
Curriculum Academic program
Headed by the Dean of Academics, the academic program has both military and civilian male and female instructors. It has the following seven departments: Department of Managerial Sciences Department of Mathematics Department of Humanities Department of Physical Sciences Department of Engineering Sciences Department of Social Sciences Department of Information and Computing Sciences Department of National Security Studies
On June 1, 2019, the PMA upgraded its academic curriculum; every cadet now focuses on national security management in response to the growing national security threats at home and overseas. Upon completing the 4-year program, cadets graduate and earn the degree of BS in National Security Management (BSNSM) and commissioned as 2nd Lieutenant or Ensign in the service branches of the Armed Forces by the authority of the President. The academic course programs are accredited as a general rule by the Commission on Higher Education.
Military program This program is headed by the Commandant of Cadets and is responsible for the professional military training, character development, leadership, and physical training of the cadets. The mission of the Tactics Group is likewise carried out by the tactical officers who are responsible for the different companies of the Cadet Corps. This group is made up of the following departments:
Department of Leadership Development Department of Physical Education Department of Ground Warfare Department of Air Warfare Department of Naval Warfare (archived from [https://www.pma.ph/milProgram.php the original Fe4bruary 1, 2019)
Cadet life
Four classes Unlike other colleges and universities, cadets are not referred to as freshmen, sophomores, juniors, or seniors. They are classified as fourth class, third class, second class, and first class cadets.
Fourth class Cadets are the first year students. In the academy, they are called "plebes" and are the equivalent of the college freshmen in civilian universities. The first day of plebe hood starts with the Reception Ceremonies on June 1 of each year. Then, they undergo an eight-week summer training or "beast barracks" during which time they are indoctrinated with the military and cadet systems of training. During this period, the plebes form the New Cadet Battalion and their training is handled by the tactical officers and upper-class cadets forming the "Plebe Detail." After the beast barracks, the plebes are formally accepted into the ranks of the Cadet Corps in another ceremony called Incorporation which is held during the last week of July. Third class Cadets are the sophomores in civilian universities, and are referred to as "yearlings" in the academy. Upon completion of fourth class year, the yearling adjusts to life as an upper class cadet. Although they are the least ranking of the upper class cadets, they are now entitled to the privileges of being upper class cadets. One of their responsibilities is being a "buddy" to a plebe. As buddies, they set the examples of how a cadet should behave and they are responsible for ensuring that the plebes conform with the standards of cadet ship. Second class Cadets are also called the "cows". The second class year marks the point at which the cadet starts to specialize according to the branch of service he or she has elected to join upon graduation. Thus, the second class cadets may no longer take the same subjects as that of some of his or her classmates. They now take different subjects depending on their choice of branch of service after graduation and fields of specialization. Within the cadet chain of command, the second class cadets now act as squad leaders. Moreover, in the absence of the first class cadets, they take over the responsibility of running the Cadet Corps. First class Cadets, also known as "firsties", are the ruling class and as such they occupy the major positions of responsibility in the cadet chain of command. They are designated the chairmen and cadet-in-charge of the various committees, clubs and corps squads. They also enjoy certain privileges peculiar only to the "firsties". Their academics are also more specialized as they now embark on the final year of their training for future officership in the Armed Forces of the Philippines. These cadets receive their military officership commissions and academic degrees equivalent to degrees from civilian universities in May every year.
Organization