Districtus Austriae Controllatus (Latin, 'Controlled District of Austria'), DAC, is a classification for regionally typical quality wine (legal category "Qualitätswein") in Austria. It is loosely modelled on the French Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) system,DAC (Districtus Austriae Controllatus) on austrianwine.com, accessed 2019-07-30 and is coupled with a ripeness-based classification scale that shares a lot of nomenclature with the German Prädikat system. Thus, if a label states the winegrowing region followed by the letter combination “DAC” (e.g. Kamptal DAC) we are talking about a regionally typical quality wine. All Austrian quality wines have a round, red and white striped "Banderole" on the capsule, which ensures, that it has been inspected and approved by the government tasting authority and fulfills the requirements for “Qualitätswein”, such as maximum yields per hectare, minimum must weight and alcohol levels and guaranteed origin of the grapes.
DACs are created for specific regions to establish clearly the local stylistic profile, in alignment with the French concept of terroir. Like in AOC, DAC wines are labelled only with the regional name and not the varietal unless more than one varietal is allowed. Wines carrying the name of a grape variety or a vintage year must be composed of at least 85% of that grape or vintage, respectively.
Background In the 1985 diethylene glycol wine scandal, several Austrian wineries illegally adulterated their wines using the toxic substance diethylene glycol to make the wines appear sweeter and more full-bodied in the style of late harvest wines.Sonntagsblitz, July 10, 2005: Im Wein war nicht nur Wahrheit ("In wine was not only truth") Resulting from the scandal, much stricter wine laws were enacted, and the Austrian wine industry focused production primarily on dry white wines instead of sweet wines.
For these dry wines, the Prädikatswein designations (such as Spätlese or Auslese) shared with the German wine classification system, were seen as less suitable. Just as in Germany, much of the high-end dry wines therefore ended up using the designation "Qualitätswein", which in principle was seen as below the Prädikatswein. In Wachau, regional designations for dry wines were created as a response; Steinfeder, Federspiel and Smaragd. However, several organisations pressed in the 1990s for a different national system to be introduced, with "appellation-style" designations based on geographical origin rather than on must weight, with regulations for each DAC regarding allowed grape varieties and wine styles.
The result was the Districtus Austriae Controllatus system, the framework regulations of which was introduced in 2001. The first DAC region to be approved was Weinviertel DAC, which happened in 2003, with the designation possible to use from the 2002 vintage.
Rules for individual DACs are developed by regional committees which include representation from grape growers and wine producers, wine cooperatives, and wine merchants. The DAC requirements must at least correspond to those for Austrian Qualitätswein and the underlying European Union wine regulations, but the committees are free to set higher standards for a specific DAC. Each wine to be sold as DAC has to be submitted to a tasting committee. It has been common for the DACs to include two quality levels, Klassik for a "standard" DAC wine, and the additional designation Reserve for a DAC wine which fulfills slightly stricter or different requirements.
Effects of DAC introduction Once a winegrowing region receives DAC status, the region's name may only be used for wines that fulfill the DAC regulations. Other wines, such as those made from other grape varieties, are no longer allowed to use the region's name. This typically means that the name of the larger wine region, of which the DAC forms a part, has to be used instead, e.g. "Niederösterreich" instead of "Weinviertel".
DAC regions
Gebietsweine Without a more specific geographical indication Ortsweine With indication of municipality Riedenweine With indication of single vineyard site
№ DAC designation Further Level First vintage Permitted grape varieties Alcohol level Wine style 1 Weinviertel DACLegal requirements for Weinviertel DAC on the Governmental Legal Information System, accessed 2019-30-07 (white only) Klassik 2002 Grüner Veltliner Min 12% Aromatic, spicy and peppery; no oak or botrytis notes Reserve 2009 Min 13% Dry, full-bodied and spicy, oak aging and subtle botrytis notes allowed 2 Mittelburgenland DACLegal requirements for Mittelburgenland DAC on the Governmental Legal Information System, accessed 2019-30-07 (red only) Klassik 2005 Blaufränkisch In general min 12.5%, max 13%. From a single vineyard site: min 13%, max 13.5%. Fruit-driven, spicy, full-bodied, matured in either stainless steel tanks, oak casks or oak barrels Reserve Min 13% Fruit-driven, spicy, full-bodied, must be matured in either large oak casks or small oak barrels 3 Traisental DACLegal requirements for Traisental DAC on the Governmental Legal Information System, accessed 2019-30-07 (white only) Klassik 2006 Grüner Veltliner or Riesling Min 12% Grüner Veltliner: aromatic, spicy, no botrytis or oak notes. Riesling: intensive, full-bodied, aromatic, mineral notes, no botrytis or oak notes Reserve Min 13% 4 Kremstal DACLegal requirements for Kremstal DAC on the Governmental Legal Information System, accessed 2019-30-07 (white only) Klassik 2006 Grüner Veltliner or Riesling Min 12% Grüner Veltliner: fresh, fruit-driven aromas, aromatic, gentle spice, no botrytis or oak notes. Riesling: aromatic, intensive stone fruit aromas, elegant, mineral notes, no botrytis or oak notes Reserve Min 13% As above with the following differences: opulent, full-bodied with density and with great length, pronounced varietal character. Subtle botrytis and oak aging aromas are allowed. 5 Kamptal DACLegal requirements for Kamptal DAC on the Governmental Legal Information System, accessed 2019-30-07 (white only) Klassik 2008 Grüner Veltliner or Riesling Min 12% Grüner Veltliner: fruit-driven, gentle spice, no botrytis or no oak notes. Riesling: delicate, aromatic, intensive fruit, elegant, mineral notes, no oak notes, none or only little botrytis Reserve Min 13% As above with the following differences: opulent, full-bodied with a lingering finish, pronounced regional and varietal character. Subtle botrytis or oak aging notes are allowed. 6 Leithaberg DACLegal requirements for Leithaberg DAC on the Governmental Legal Information System, accessed 2019-30-07 White 2009 Pinot blanc, Chardonnay, Neuburger, Grüner Veltliner, alone or as a blend Min 12.5%, max 13.5% Regional typicity in taste and bouquet. Fruity, spicy bouquet with primary fruit aromas. Compact, spicy, delicate taste with minerals, little or no use of oak. Red 2008 Min 85% Blaufränkisch, may be blended with up to 15% St. Laurent, Zweigelt or Pinot noir 7 Eisenberg DACLegal requirements for Eisenberg DAC on the Governmental Legal Information System, accessed 2019-30-07 (red only) Klassik 2009 Blaufränkisch Min 12.5%, max 13% Fruit-driven, mineral and spicy aromas, little or not notable oak aromas Reserve 2008 Min 13% Fruity, mineral and spicy notes, full-bodied. (May have oak aromas.) 8 Neusiedlersee DACLegal requirements for Neusiedlersee DAC on the Governmental Legal Information System, accessed 2019-30-07 Klassik (dry) 2011 Min 85% Zweigelt Min 12% Typical for the variety, fruity, spicy, aging in oak barrels or stainless steelKlassik (fruity sweet)Not specifiedAll white Qualitätswein grape varietiesNot specified, but min residual sugar content: 45 g/LWines have to match the characteristics of Spätlese or Auslese wines Reserve 2010 Min 60% Zweigelt, the rest indigenous grape varieties Min 13% Typical for the variety, fruity, spicy, powerful, aging in traditional large oak casks or small oak barrels (barriques)Reserve (nobly sweet)Not specifiedAll white Qualitätswein grape varietiesNot specified, but min residual sugar content: 45 g/LWines have to match the characteristics of Beerenauslese or Trockenbeerenauslese wines 9 Wiener Gemischter Satz DAC Klassik 2013 Dominant grape variety max. 50%, third grape variety min. 10% Max 12.5% dry, little oak notes Ried Min 12.5% dry 10 Rosalia DACLegal requirements for Rosalia DAC on the Governmental Legal Information System, accessed 2019-30-07 Klassik Red2017Blaufränkisch, ZweigeltMin 12%Rich in finesse, fruit-driven aromas, spicy, aromatic Reserve Red Min 13% Rosé One or more red Qualitätswein grape varieties Not specified Fresh, fruit-driven aromas, spicy 11 Vulkanland Steiermark DACLegal requirements for Vulkanland Steiermark DAC on the Governmental Legal Information System, accessed 2019-30-07 Gebietsweine2018 Welschriesling, Pinot blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot gris, Riesling, Gelber Muskateller, Sauvignon blanc, Traminer as well as cuvées made from themNot specified. Instead: specifications for max. content of residual sugar and market release dates.Fine element of mineral spice, subtle, regionally typical weight and substance. Increasing depth and expression of origin with more specific geographical indications. OrtsweineTwo (not mandatory) focal varieties per municipality out of: Welschriesling, Pinot blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot gris, Riesling, Gelber Muskateller, Sauvignon blanc, Traminer as well as cuvées made from them RiedenweineWelschriesling, Pinot blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot gris, Riesling, Gelber Muskateller, Sauvignon blanc, Traminer as well as cuvées made from them 12 Südsteiermark DACLegal requirements for Südsteiermark DAC on the Governmental Legal Information System, accessed 2019-30-07 Gebietsweine2018Welschriesling, Pinot blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot gris, Riesling, Gelber Muskateller, Sauvignon blanc, Traminer as well as cuvées made from themNot specified. Instead: specifications for max. content of residual sugar and market release dates.Fine element of mineral spice, subtle, regionally typical weight and substance. Increasing depth and expression of origin with more specific geographical indications. OrtsweineTwo (not mandatory) focal varieties per municipality out of: Welschriesling, Pinot blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot gris, Riesling, Gelber Muskateller, Sauvignon blanc, Traminer as well as cuvées made from them RiedenweineWelschriesling, Pinot blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot gris, Riesling, Gelber Muskateller, Sauvignon blanc, Traminer as well as cuvées made from them 13 Weststeiermark DACLegal requirements for Weststeiermark DAC on the Governmental Legal Information System, accessed 2019-30-07 Gebietsweine2018Blauer Wildbacher (as Schilcher), Welschriesling, Pinot blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot gris, Riesling, Gelber Muskateller, Sauvignon blanc, Traminer as well as cuvées made from themNot specified. Instead: specifications for max. content of residual sugar and market release dates.Fine element of mineral spice, subtle, regionally typical weight and substance. Increasing depth and expression of origin with more specific geographical indications. OrtsweineTwo (not mandatory) focal varieties per municipality out of: Blauer Wildbacher (as Schilcher), Welschriesling, Pinot blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot gris, Riesling, Gelber Muskateller, Sauvignon blanc, Traminer as well as cuvées made from them RiedenweineBlauer Wildbacher (as Schilcher), Welschriesling, Pinot blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot gris, Riesling, Gelber Muskateller, Sauvignon blanc, Traminer as well as cuvées made from them 14 Carnuntum DAC Gebietsweine2019White: Pinot blanc, Chardonnay, Grüner Veltliner (blends have to consist of min. 2/3 of those varieties, rest: other Qualitätswein varieties) Red: Blaufränkisch, Zweigelt (blends have to consist of min. 2/3 of those varieties, rest: other Qualitätswein varieties)White: not specified