The family Gryllidae contains the subfamilies and genera which entomologists now term true crickets. Having long, whip-like antennae, they belong to the Orthopteran suborder Ensifera, which has been greatly reduced in the last 100 years (e.g. ImmsImms AD, rev. Richards OW & Davies RG (1970) A General Textbook of Entomology 9th Ed. Methuen 886 pp.): taxa such as the tree crickets, spider-crickets and their allies, sword-tail crickets, wood or ground crickets and scaly crickets have been moved or elevated to family level. The type genus is Gryllus and the first use of the family name "Gryllidae" was by Francis Walker.Walker F (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum Supplement: 98.
They have a worldwide distribution (except Antarctica). The most familiar field crickets (Gryllinae) are characteristically robust brown or black insects; the largest members of the family are the -long bull crickets (Brachytrupes) which excavate burrows a metre or more deep.
Subfamilies The family is divided into these subfamily groups, subfamilies, and extinct genera (not placed within any subfamily): Subfamily group Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781 – common or field crickets Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781 (now includes Sclerogryllini Gorochov, 1985) Gryllomiminae Gorochov, 1986 monotypic: Gryllomimus Chopard, 1936 (Africa) Gryllomorphinae Saussure, 1877 †Gryllospeculinae Gorochov, 1985 †Araripegryllus Martins-Neto 1987 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian ?Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Hauterivian †Brontogryllus Martins-Neto 1991 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian †Gryllospeculum Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian †Mongolospeculum Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian †Proararipegryllus Gorochov & Coram, 2022 Gryllinae incertae sedis Capillogryllus †Cratogryllus Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian Neogryllodes Rhabdotogryllus †Sharovella Spinogryllus †Trichogryllus Itarinae Shiraki, 1930 Landrevinae Gorochov, 1982 Subfamily Eneopterinae Saussure, 1893 – bush crickets (American usage), not to be confused with the Tettigoniidae (katydids or bush crickets) Subfamily unplaced: most extinct genus †Achetomorpha Gorochov, 2019 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian genus †Eneopterotrypus – monotypic Zeuner, 1937 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian genus †Fanzus – monotypic Zessin, 2019Virgo 22. Jahrgang, 2019: ZESSIN, W.: Neue Insekten aus dem Moler (Paläozän/Eozän) von Dänemark, Teil 4 (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Eumastacidae, Ensifera: Gryllidae; Odonata: Libellulidae: 56-63. Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian genus †Gryllidium Westwood, 1854 genus †Lithogryllites Cockerell, 1908 Florissant Formation, United States, Eocene genus Menonia – monotypic M. cochinensis George, 1936 (tentative placementOrthoptera Species File: genus Menonia George, 1936) genus †Nanaripegryllus – monotypic Martins-Neto, 2002 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian genus †Pherodactylus – monotypic Poinar, Su & Brown, 2020, Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian genus †Proeneopterotrypus Gorochov, 2019 – monotypic †P. danicus (Rust, 1999) Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian
See also List of Orthopteroid genera containing species recorded in Europe
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