Roback is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Abraham Aaron Roback (1890–1965), Jewish American psychologist and promoter of Yiddish Brogan Roback (born 1994), American football quarterback Charles W. Roback (1811–1867), Swedish fraudster, Swedish-American patent medicine manufacturer, astrologist and charlatan David Roback (1958–2020), American guitarist and songwriter Emil Roback (born 2003), Swedish football player Léa Roback (1903–2000), Canadian trade union organizer, social activist, pacifist, and feminist Jennifer Roback Morse (born 1953), American economist, writer and Catholic social conservative
See also Röbäck, a locality in Sweden