East North Central states

The East North Central states is a region of the United States defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, containing five states: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin. These states border the Great Lakes, West North Central, the Southeastern, and Northeastern states; the Eastern North Central states also share a land border with Canada through Michigan's Upper Peninsula, southeastern, and mid-Michigan regions. As one of two subregional divisions used to categorize the Midwestern United States, East North Central closely matches the area of the Northwest Territory, excluding a portion of Minnesota.

The East North Central states also form a large part of the Great Lakes region, although the latter also includes Minnesota, New York, Pennsylvania and the Canadian province of Ontario. It has a low rate of population growth and the estimated population as of 2019 was 46,902,431, though the 2020 census numbered 47,368,533 residents. The Great Lakes bordering the area provide access to the Atlantic Ocean via the Great Lakes Waterway and St. Lawrence Seaway, or by the Erie Canal and the Hudson River, or via the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River and the Illinois Waterway. Chicago and Detroit—two of East North Central's largest cities—are among the major ports of the United States.

Culturally, this region of the U.S. has been historically influenced by the British and French; Anglo-American culture permeated states covering the region following the expansion of the United States. Religiously, the East North Central states have been and remain predominantly affiliated with Christianity. Altogether, the five states are majority Catholic, non- and inter-denominational, Methodist, Lutheran, and Baptist. In the 21st century, Islam has emerged as the largest non-Christian religion in the region.

History

During European colonization of the Americas, the modern-day East North Central states was occupied by numerous American Indian tribes; with the introduction of European Americans into the region, it was divided between the British colonial empire in America and New France. The western portion of this region formed part of French Louisiana, and following U.S. independence, the eastern half was ceded to the United States from Great Britain. Since American settlement, the modern-day East North Central states has remained the most populous division of the Midwest despite the overall region's low population growth rates.

Geography Geographically located within the North, East North Central is considered part of the Midwest and Great Lakes regions, sharing maritime and land borders with Canada. As half of the Midwest, the majority of it shares a humid continental climate, and many of its coastal settlements encounter lake effect snow during the winter. +States in the East North Central region State 2019 estimate Land area Illinois 12,671,821 57,915 Indiana 6,732,219 36,418 Michigan 9,986,857 96,716 Ohio 11,689,100 44,825 Wisconsin 5,822,434 65,497

Demographics In 2010, the East North Central states had a population of 46,421,564; this grew to an estimated 46,902,431 by 2019. By the 2020 United States census, the region's population increased to 47,368,533. Of its population, Illinois is the region's most populous with a 2020 population of 12,812,508. Its least populous is Wisconsin, with 5,893,718 residents. Chicago is the region's most populous city and largest metropolitan area. According to the 2010 American Community Survey, 49.1% of the residents were male and 50.9% were female. Approximately 24.0% of the population were under 18 years of age, and 13.4% were over 65 years of age, and the median age for the region was 39.2.

In terms of race and ethnicity as of 2012, White Americans made up 79.5% of the population, of which 75.7% were whites of non-Hispanic origin. Black Americans composed 12.1% of the region's population, of which 11.9% were blacks of non-Hispanic origin. American Indians and Alaskan Natives were 0.4% of the population and Asians were 2.7%. People who were of two or more races formed 2.1% of the population; and Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 7.6%.

Linguistically, English is, by far, the most common language spoken at home. Approximately 89.3% of all residents (38.3 million people) over the age of five spoke only English at home. Roughly 2,516,000 people (5.9% of the population) spoke Spanish at home and roughly 2,016,000 people (5.8% of the population) spoke another languages at home. Around 270,000 (0.6%) spoke German at home, although this figure ranges from 2% to 37% in Northeast Ohio, which is home to a large Amish community.

+Largest cities by population City 2019 pop. 1 Chicago, Illinois 2,693,976 2 Columbus, Ohio 898,553 3 Indianapolis, Indiana 876,384 4 Detroit, Michigan 670,031 5 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 590,157 6 Cleveland, Ohio 381,009 7 Cincinnati, Ohio 303,940 8 Toledo, Ohio 272,779 9 Fort Wayne, Indiana 270,402 10 Madison, Wisconsin 259,680

+Largest metropolitan areas by population MSA 2019 pop. 1 Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI MSA 9,458,539 2 Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI MSA 4,319,629 3 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN MSA 2,221,208 4 Columbus, OH MSA 2,122,271 5 Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN MSA 2,074,537 6 Cleveland-Elyria, OH MSA 2,048,449 7 Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI MSA 1,575,179 8 Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI MSA 1,077,370 9 Dayton-Kettering, OH MSA 807,611 10 Akron, OH MSA 703,479

Politics Parties Democratic-Republican Democratic Whig Republican Progressive 2020 United States Presidential Election Results in East North CentralPartyTotal votersPercentage Joe Biden (D)11,828,48449.8% Donald Trump (R)11,591,61848.8% Jo Jorgensen (L)291,8851.2%Total23,711,987100% There are also two deregistered parties that have active executive committees.

The Greens Libertarian

Bold denotes election winner. Presidential electoral votes in the East North Central states since 1804Year Illinois Indiana Michigan Ohio Wisconsin 1804 No election No election No election Jefferson No election 1808 No election No election No election Madison No election 1812 No election No election No election Madison No election 1816 No election Monroe No election Monroe No election 1820 Monroe Monroe No election Monroe No election 1824 Jackson Jackson No election Clay No election 1828 Jackson Jackson No election Jackson No election 1832 Jackson Jackson No election Jackson No election 1836 Van Buren Harrison Van Buren Harrison No election 1840 Van Buren Harrison Harrison Harrison No election 1844 Polk Polk Polk Clay No election 1848 Cass Cass Cass Cass Cass 1852 Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce 1856 Buchanan Buchanan Frémont Frémont Frémont 1860 Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln 1864 Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln 1868 Grant Grant Grant Grant Grant 1872 Grant Grant Grant Grant Grant 1876 Hayes Tilden Hayes Hayes Hayes 1880 Garfield Garfield Garfield Garfield Garfield 1884 Blaine Cleveland Blaine Blaine Blaine 1888 Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison 1892 Cleveland Cleveland Harrison Harrison Cleveland 1896 McKinley McKinley McKinley McKinley McKinley 1900 McKinley McKinley McKinley McKinley McKinley 1904 Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt 1908 Taft Taft Taft Taft Taft 1912 Wilson Wilson Roosevelt Wilson Wilson 1916 Hughes Hughes Hughes Wilson Hughes 1920 Harding Harding Harding Harding Harding 1924 Coolidge Coolidge Coolidge Coolidge La Follette 1928 Hoover Hoover Hoover Hoover Hoover 1932 Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt 1936 Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt 1940 Roosevelt Willkie Willkie Roosevelt Roosevelt 1944 Roosevelt Dewey Roosevelt Dewey Dewey 1948 Truman Dewey Dewey Truman Truman 1952 Eisenhower Eisenhower Eisenhower Eisenhower Eisenhower 1956 Eisenhower Eisenhower Eisenhower Eisenhower Eisenhower 1960 Kennedy Nixon Kennedy Nixon Nixon 1964 Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson 1968 Nixon Nixon Humphrey Nixon Nixon 1972 Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon 1976 Ford Ford Ford Carter Carter 1980 Reagan Reagan Reagan Reagan Reagan 1984 Reagan Reagan Reagan Reagan Reagan 1988 Bush Bush Bush Bush Dukakis 1992 Clinton Bush Clinton Clinton Clinton 1996 Clinton Dole Clinton Clinton Clinton 2000 Gore Bush Gore Bush Gore 2004 Kerry Bush Kerry Bush Kerry 2008 Obama Obama Obama Obama Obama 2012 Obama Romney Obama Obama Obama 2016 Clinton Trump Trump Trump Trump 2020 Biden Trump Biden Trump Biden 2024 Harris Trump Trump Trump TrumpYear Illinois Indiana Michigan Ohio Wisconsin

See also Great Lakes Great Lakes Region

References

External links