List of Galician words of Celtic origin

This is a list of Galician words of Celtic origin, many of them being shared with Portuguese (sometimes with minor differences) since both languages are from medieval Galician-Portuguese. A few of these words existed in Latin as loanwords from a Celtic source, usually Gaulish, while others have been later received from other languages, mainly French, Occitan, and in some cases Spanish. Finally, some were directly acquired from Gallaecian, the local pre-Latin Celtic language. Any form with an asterisk (*) is unattested and therefore hypothetical.

A systematic investigation of the Celtic words in Galician-Portuguese is still lacking.cf.

A – C Prósper (2002) p. 90. [m] 'waterfall' < *'(beaver) dam', formally a derivative in of , from 'beaver, water demon'Ward A. (1996), s.v.Matasovic R. (2009), s.v. cognate of 'dwarf', 'beaver, dwarf', 'dwarf, sea monster'. Akin also to 'wicker'.Grzega 2001: 50. [m] 'common alder', a derivative in of 'river', related to , , / 'river'. Rivas Quintas 2015: 16 'to embrace', from 'paw', of probable Celtic origin. Rivas Quintas 2015: 17 'to sprout', from 'copse'.DCECH s.v. BROLLAR [m] 'poplar tree', 'elm' (< ), 'elm' (< ), (by Joseph's rule < < ).,Grzega 2001: 54; Rivas Quintas 2015: 25. but / 'elm', 'elm' (< ) Old Galician ambas [f p] 'waters, river', ambas mestas [f] 'confluence',Moralejo (2007) p. 50. from Celtic ambeMatasovic R. (2009), s.v. *abon- 'water, river', akin to Gaulish ambe 'river', Old Irish abu. androlla 'pig's large intestine', from *anterolia 'entrails' < *h1ṇter-o 'that is between, internal', Asturian androya, Sanskrit antrá 'entrails, guts', Armenian ənderk, Hittite andurza 'insides', Greek éntera, Celtic enātroOBAYA VALDÉS, Marcos 2017 "Averamientu al astúricu. Vocalización de les nasales del grau-cero indo-européu". Lletres Asturianes n.º 117. Ed. ALLA angazo 'rake', from *ankatio 'hook' < *h2ṇk-ā-tyo, Asturian angazu and angüezu, old Irish écath ‘fish hook’, middle Welsh anghad < *h2ṇk-o-to (EDPC: 37). banzo [m] (alternative spelling banço) 'crossbar, beam', from *wṇk-yo, cognate of Spanish banzo; akin to Irish féice < *wenk-yo, 'ridgepole'. Derivatives: banza 'backrest', banzado, banzao 'palisade, dam'. barga [f] 'hut; wall made of hurdles; hurdle, fence', from Celtic *wraga,Coromines (1997) s.v. vargaTLFi s.v. barge3 cognate of Spanish varga 'hut', French barge, akin to Old Irish fraig, Irish fraigh 'braided wall, roof, pen', Br gwrac'hell 'haybale, rick of hay'. Derivatives: bargo 'stake or flagstone used for making fences or walls'; barganzo, bargado 'hurdle, fence'. barra [f] 'garret, loft, upper platform', from proto-Celtic *barro-, cognate of Irish, Breton barr 'summit, peak, top', Welsh bar bascullo [m] 'bundle of straw; broom', from proto-Celtic *baski- 'bundle', cognate of Gascon bascojo 'basket', Asturian bascayu 'broom', Breton bec'h 'bundle, load'.

berro [m] 'watercress', from proto-Celtic *beru-ro-,Meyer-Lübke 1054Donkin (1864), s.v. berro cognate of Spanish berro; akin to Old Irish biror, Welsh berwr, Old Breton beror; similarly French berle 'water parsnip' (< berula ; Ir biolar, Breton beler). bico [m] 'beak, kiss', from proto-Celtic *bekko-,Ward A. (1996), s.v. BECLOSMeyer-Lübke 1013 cognate of Italian becco, French bec. Derivatives: bicar 'to kiss', bicaño 'hill', bicallo (a fish, Gadus luscus). bidueiro [m] < *betūlariu, biduo [m] < *betūlu, bidulo [m] < *betūllu 'birch',Meyer-Lübke s. v. *betulus, *betullus from Celtic *betu- or *betū-, cognate of Spanish biezo, Catalan beç, Occitan bèç (< bettiu); Spanish abedul, French bouleau, Italian betulla (< betula); akin to Irish beith, Welsh bedw, Breton bezv. Derivatives: Bidueiral, Bidual 'place with birch-trees'. billa, alternative spelling bilha, [f] 'spigot; stick' to Proto-Celtic *beljo- 'tree, trunk',Matasovic (2009) s.v. akin to Old Irish bille 'large tree, tree trunk', Manx billey 'tree', Welsh pill 'stump', Breton pil; cognate of French bille 'log, chunk of wood'. borba [f] 'mud, slime, mucus', from proto-Celtic *borwâ-,Ward A. (1996), s.v. BORWOS cognate of French bourbe 'mud'; akin to Irish borb 'mud, slime', bearbh 'boiling', Welsh berw 'boiling', Breton berv 'broth, bubbling'. Derivatives: borbento 'mucilaginous'. borne [m] 'edge', from French borne 'milestone, landmark', from Old French bosne, bodne, from Vulgar Latin *bodĭna / *budĭna 'border tree', from proto-Celtic *botina 'troop'.,Meyer-Lübke 1235 akin to Old Irish buiden, Welsh byddin 'army' (from *budīnā) braga [f] 'trousers', from proto-Celtic *braco-,Meyer-Lübke 1252 cognate of Spanish, Occitan braga, French braie, Italian brache. Derivatives: bragal, bragada 'spawn', bragueiro 'trus'. braña [f] (alternative spelling branha) 'meadow, bog, quagmire', from proto-Celtic *bragno-,Ward A. (1996), s.v. MRAKNOS cognate of Asturian and Cantabrian braña, Catalan braina, akin to Irish brén, Welsh braen, Breton brein 'putrid'; Ir bréanar, W braenar, Br breinar 'fallow field'. Derivatives: brañal, brañeira, brañento 'idem'. breixoBáscuas (2006) p. 134. [m] 'heather', from *broccius,Cf. Coromines (1973) s.v. brezo. from Proto-Celtic *vroiki-, akin to Old Irish froich, Welsh grug, gwrug, Cornish grug, Breton brug; cognate of Spanish brezo, Occitan bruga, French bruyère. Old Galician bren [m] 'bran', maybe from Provençal brem, from proto-Celtic *brenno-,Meyer-Lübke 1284 cognate of French bran, Lombard bren. bringaCoromines (1973) s.v. brizna. [f]'stalk, rod', from *brīnikā, from Celtic *brīnos 'rod'; akin to Welsh brwyn 'rush', Cornish broenn, Breton broen; cognate of French brin 'blade (of grass), stalk'. brío [m] 'might, power', from Italian brio, from Catalan/Old Occitan briu 'wild', from Celtic *brigos, cognate of Occitan briu, Old French brif 'finesse, style'; akin to Old Irish bríg 'power', Welsh bri 'prestige, authority', Breton bri 'respect'. Old Galician busto [m] 'cattle farm, dairy', from a Celtic compound *bow-sto-Matasovic R. (2009), s.v. *bow- meaning 'cow-place', akin to Celtiberian boustom 'cow shed, byre', Old Irish bua-thech 'cow house/byre'; cognate of Portuguese bostar, Spanish bustar Derivatives: bustar 'pastures'. cai [m] 'quay, jetty', maybe from French (itself from Norman) quai, from proto-Celtic *kag-yo-,Ward A. (1996), s.v. KAGOSMeyer-Lübke 1480 akin to Welsh cae, Cornish ke, Breton kae 'hedge'; French chai 'cellar'. callao [m] 'boulder; pebble', from Celtic *kalyāwo- 'stone'.Rivas Quintas 2015: 103; Buschmann 1965: 127. cambiar 'to change', from Vulgar Latin cambiare, from proto-Celtic *kambo-,Meyer-Lübke 1540 cognate of French changer, Occitan/Spanish cambiar, Catalan canviar, Italian cambiare; akin to Breton kemm 'exchange', Old Irish cimb 'ransom'. Derivatives: cambio 'exchange', cambiador 'exchanger'. camba [f] 'wheel rim' from proto-Celtic *kambo-,Meyer-Lübke 1542 cognate of Old Irish camm 'crooked, bent, curved'. Cognate of Occitan cambeta 'part of plough', Limousin Occitan chambija (< *cambica) 'part of plough' Derivatives: cambito, cambada, camballa, cambeira 'coil; crooked log for hanging fish', cambela 'type of plough', cambota 'beam'. camiñoRivas Quintas 2015: 106; Buschmann 1965: 133. [m] 'pathway', alternative spelling caminho, from Vulgar Latin *cammīnus, from proto-Celtic *kanxsman-,Meyer-Lübke 1552 cognate of Italian cammino, French chemin, Spanish camino, Catalan camí, Occitan camin; akin to Old Irish céimm, Cornish and Breton kamm 'step', Asturian galmu 'step' < *kan-mo. Derivatives: camiñar 'to walk'. camisa [f] 'shirt' from Latin, from Gaulish camisia.Meyer-Lübke 1550. cognate of Spanish/Occitan camisa, Italian camicia, French chemise cando [m] 'dry stick', from medieval candano, from Celtic *kando- 'bright, white', cognate of Welsh cann 'bright, light'.Rivas Quintas 2015: 109; Buschmann 1965: 135. canga'Rivas Quintas 2015: 110; Buschmann 1965: 130. [f] 'collar, yoke', from Celtic *kambika.Meyer-Lübke 1541. Akin to Irish 'cuing' yoke. canto [m] 'rim, corner', from proto-Celtic *kanto-, akin to Old Irish cét 'round stone pillar, Welsh cant 'tire rim', Breton kant 'disk'; cognate of Old French chant, Occitan cant, Spanish canto. Derivatives: recanto 'corner', cantón 'edge of a field', acantoar 'to hide, to isolate', cantil 'cliff'

carozo [m] 'fruit core', asturian caruezu, both from *karosio < *kro-o-syo, related with Celtic *karīso ‘fruit core’ (< *kro-ī-so, Welsh ceri, Schrijver 1991, 208) and Latin carīna ‘nut shell’ (< *kro-is-na, EDL: 93). carro [m] 'cart, wagon', from Vulgar Latin carrum, from proto-Celtic *karro-,Meyer-Lübke 1721 cognate of Rumanian car, Italian carro, French char, Provençal car, Spanish carro; akin to Irish carr, Welsh car, Breton karr. Derivatives: carreira 'road', carregar 'to load'. caxigo [m] 'oak; Portuguese oak', from *cassīcos, from Celtic *cassos 'curly, twisted',Coromines (1997) s.v. quejigo; Matasovic (2009) s.v. *casso- akin to Irish cas 'twist, turn, spin', Old Welsh cascord 'to twist'; cognate of Asturian caxigu, Aragonese caixico, Gascon casse, French chêne 'oak' (< *cassanos). centolo [m] 'European spider crab', akin to Gaulish personal name CINTULLOS 'the first one',DCECH s.v. centollo from PCl *kintu- 'first'. cervexa [f] 'beer', alternative spelling cerveja, from Vulgar Latin *cerevisia, from GaulishMeyer-Lübke 1830. Cognates: Old French cervoise, Provençal, Spanish cerveza; akin to Old Irish coirm, Welsh cwrw, Cornish and Breton korev. cheda [f] 'lateral external board of a cart, where the crossbars are affixed', from Medieval Latin cleta, from proto-Celtic *klētā,Meyer-Lübke 1988 cognate of Irish cloí (cloidhe) 'fence', clíath 'palisade, hurdle', Welsh clwyd 'barrier, wattle, scaffolding, gate', Cornish kloos 'fence', Breton kloued 'barrier, fence'; cognate of French claie 'rack, wattle fencing', Occitan cleda, Catalan cleda 'livestock pen', Basque gereta. choco [m] 'cowbell; squid', from proto-Celtic *klokko-,Donkin (1864), s.v. akin to Old Irish clocc, Welsh cloch, Breton kloc'h; cognate of Asturian llueca and llócara 'cowbell', French cloche 'bell', German Glock. Derivatives: chocar 'to bang, to shock', chocallo 'cowbell'. colmea [m] 'beehive', from a Celtic form *kolmēnā 'made of straw'cf. Varela Sieiro, Xaime. Léxico Cotián na Alta Idade Media de Galicia: A arquitectura civil. Santiago, 2008. . pp. 205-206. (cf. Spanish colmena 'beehive'), from *kolmos 'straw', which gave Leonese cuelmo; cf. Welsh calaf "reed, stalk", Cornish kala and kalaven "straw", Breton kolo "stalk"). cómaro, comareiro [m] 'limits of a patch or field, usually left intentionally unploughed', from proto-Celtic *kom-ɸare-(yo)-, cognate of Old Irish comair 'in front of', Welsh cyfair 'direction, place, spot, acre'. Or either to *kom-boros 'brought together'.Prósper (2002) p. 242. Derivatives: acomarar 'to mark out a field (literally to dote with cómaros)'. comba [f] 'valley, inflexion', from proto-Celtic *kumbā,Meyer-Lübke 2386 cognate of North Italian comba, French combe, Occitan comba; akin to Irish com, Welsh cwm 'hollow (land form)', Cornish komm 'small valley, dingle', Breton komm 'small valley, deep water'. combarro [m], combarrizo [m] 'shed, shelter', from proto-Celtic *kom-ber-o- 'bring together'. Cognate of Middle French combres 'palisade in a river, for fishing'. combo [m] (adj.) 'curved, bent', from Celtic *kumbo-,Meyer-Lübke 2387 cognate of Provençal comb, Spanish combo. Derivatives: combar 'to bend'. comboa [f] 'corral used for capturing fish trapped in low tide', from Old Galician combona, from Celtic *combā 'valley' or *cambos 'bent'. croio [m] 'rolling stone', croia [f] 'pip', from old-galician crougia > *cruia 'stone', Proto-Celtic *krowka (EDPC: 226, Oir. crùach 'hill'. W. crug 'cairn, hillock'.J. J. Moralejo "Documentación prelatina en Gallaecia". pg. 200 Derivatives: croio (adj.) 'ugly, rude'; croído, croieira 'stony place/beach'.