Sheep and goats are both small ruminants with cosmopolitan distributions due to their being kept historically and in modern times as grazers both individually and in herds in return for their production of milk, wool, and meat. As such, the diseases of these animals are of great economic importance to humans.

Prion diseases scrapie

Viral diseases Diseases caused by viruses include: Akabane virus infection bluetongue disease border disease (hairy shaker disease) Cache Valley virus infection caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma foot-and-mouth disease mastitis Nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus (NSDV) infection orf, also known as contagious ecthyma, contagious pustular dermatitis, infectious labial dermatitis, thistle disease, sore mouth, or scabby mouth ovine encephalomyelitis (louping ill) ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma ovine rinderpest, also known as peste des petits ruminants (PPR) Rift Valley fever Schmallenberg virus infection ulcerative dermatosis variola caprina (goatpox) variola ovina (sheeppox) Wesselsbron virus infection

Bacterial diseases Diseases caused by bacteria include: anaplasmosis blackleg braxy brucellosis caseous lymphadenitis chlamydiosis, also known as enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE) contagious caprine pleuropneumonia dermatophilosis, also known as cutaneous streptothricosis, rainscald, rain rot, lumpy wool, or strawberry footrot ehrlichiosis enterotoxemia enzootic posthitis and vulvitis, also known as sheath rot, pizzle rot, or enzootic balanoposthitis foot rot infectious necrotic hepatitis lamb dysentery (Clostridium perfringens type B disease) leptospirosis listeriosis mastitis mycoplasmosis paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) pasteurellosis Q fever salmonellosis struck (Clostridium perfringens type C disease) tularemia ulcerative balanoposthitis and vulvitis, also known as necrotic balanoposthitis/vulvitis, pizzle disease, knobrot, or peestersiekte vibriosis

Fungal diseases

Diseases caused by funguses include candidiasis cryptococcosis facial eczema fungal placentitis sporotrichosis zygomycosis

Parasitic diseases Parasites causing disease in sheep and goats include diseases caused by protozoa, helminths, tapeworms and roundworms.

Protozoa Babesia species Cryptosporidium parvum Eimeria species Giardia intestinalis Neospora caninum Sarcocystis species Theileria lestoquardi (hirsi) Toxoplasma gondii Trypanosoma species

Helminths Flatworms Dicrocoelium dendriticum Fasciola hepatica Fasciola gigantica Fascioloides magna Schistosoma bovis

Tapeworms

Echinococcus granulosus Moniezia species Taenia ovis Taenia hydatigena

Roundworms Chabertia ovina Dictyocaulus filaria Elaeophora schneideri Haemonchus contortus Cooperia species Muellerius capillaris Nematodirus species Neostrongylus linearis Oesophagostomum species parasitic bronchitis, also known as "hoose" Protostrongylus refescens Teladorsagia circumcincta Trichostrongylus species Trichuris ovis

Arachnids and insects Ticks Amblyomma species Boophilus species Dermacentor species Haemaphysalis species Hyalomma species Ixodes species Rhipicephalus species

Mites (mange) Chorioptes bovis Demodex ovis Demodex caprae Psorobia ovis Psoroptes ovis Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae Sarcoptes scabiei var. ovis

Lice chewing lice Damalinia caprae (goats) Damalinia crassipes (goats) Damalinia limbata (goats) Damalinia ovis (sheep) sucking lice Linognathus africanus (sheep and goats) Linognathus ovillus (sheep) Linognathus pedalis (sheep) Linognathus stenopsis (Gots )

Flies mosquitoes Aedes species Anopheles species Culex species myiasis fly strike Chrysomya species Lucilia species Oestrus ovis (sheep bot fly) sheep ked (Melophagus ovinus)

References