The XII Corps of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: 12 nci Kolordu or On İkinci Kolordu) was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.
Formation
Order of battle, 1911 With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army, to include the creation of corps level headquarters, by 1911 the XI Corps was headquartered in Musul. The Corps before the First Balkan War in 1911 was structured as such:Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913, Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 382.
XII Corps, Musul 35th Infantry Division, Musul 103rd Infantry Regiment, Revandiz 104th Infantry Regiment, Musul 105th Infantry Regiment, Musul 35th Rifle Battalion, Musul 35th Field Artillery Regiment, Musul 35th Division Band, Musul 36th Infantry Division, Kerkük 106th Infantry Regiment, Kerkük 107th Infantry Regiment, Kerkük 108th Infantry Regiment, Süleymaniye 36th Rifle Battalion, Kerkük 36th Division Band, Kerkük Units of XII Corps 13th Cavalry Brigade, Kerkük 33rd Cavalry Regiment, Kerkük 34th Cavalry Regiment, Kerkük 35th Cavalry Regiment, Kerkük Border companies x 8
World War I
Order of battle, August 1914 In August 1914, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 38.
XII Corps (Mesopotamia) 35th Division, 36th Division
Order of battle, November 1914 In November 1914, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 43.
XII Corps (Syria) 35th Division, 36th Division
Order of battle, late April 1915 In late April 1915, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 86.
XII Corps (Syria) 38th Division
Order of battle, late summer 1915, January 1916 In late summer 1915, January 1916, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 109, 126.
XII Corps (Syria-Palestine) 41st Division, 42nd Division, 46th Division
Order of battle, August 1916, December 1916 In August 1916, December 1916, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 134, 154.
XII Corps (Syria-Palestine) 41st Division, 42nd Division, 43rd Division, 46th Division
Order of battle, August 1917 In August 1917, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 170.
XII Corps (Syria-Palestine) 3rd Division, 7th Division, 53rd Division
Order of battle, January 1918 In January 1918, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 181.
XII Corps (Syria) 3rd Division, 7th Division, 20th Division
Order of battle, June 1918 In June 1918, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 188.
XII Corps (Palestine) 3rd Division, 7th Division, 20th Division
Order of battle, September 1918 In September 1918, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 197.
XII Corps (Anatolia) 23rd Division
After Mudros
Order of battle, November 1918 In November 1918, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 202.
XII Corps (Syria) 23rd Division
Order of battle, January 1919 In January 1919, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 209.Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001, , p. 326.
XII Corps (Anatolia, Konya) 11th Division (Niğde) 12th Infantry Regiment, 33rd Infantry Regiment, 127th Infantry Regiment 41st Division (Karaman) 131st Infantry Regiment, 132nd Infantry Regiment, 139th Infantry Regiment 7th Cavalry Regiment 20th Cavalry Regiment
Sources