The Prosecutor General () is the official charged with prosecuting cases at a national level in Hungary. The Prosecutor General is elected by a qualified majority of the parliament to 9-year terms (formerly 6 years), has a fixed office budget, and has no government oversight. The Office of Prosecutor General has evolved into a separate branch of the government of Hungary since 1989.
History and function The independent pillar status of the Hungarian public accuser's office is a unique construction, loosely modeled on the system Portugal introduced after the 1974 victory of the Carnation Revolution. The public accuser (attorney general) body has become the fourth column of Hungarian democracy only in recent times: after communism fell in 1989, the office was made independent by a new clausule XI. of the Constitution. The change was meant to prevent abuse of state power, especially with regards to the use of false accusations against opposition politicians, who may be excluded from elections if locked in protracted or excessively severe court cases.
To prevent the Hungarian accuser's office from neglecting its duties, natural human private persons can submit investigation requests, called "pótmagánvád" directly to the courts, if the accusers' office refuses to do its job. Courts will decide if the allegations have merit and order police to act in lieu of the accuser's office if warranted. In its decision No.42/2005 the Hungarian constitutional court declared that the government does not enjoy such privilege and the state is powerless to further pursue cases if the public accuser refuses to do so.
List office-holders Crown ProsecutorsNo.NameTerm of Office1.Sándor Kozma18721896 2.Jenő Hammersberg189619023.Ferenc Székely19021910 4.Jenő Pongrácz191019235.Ferenc Vargha192319306.Lajos Halász19307.István Magyar193019348.Endre Gáll193419359.Ferenc Finkey1935194010.Zoltán Timkó1940194411.László Mendelényi1944Prosecutors GeneralNo.NameTerm of Office12.József Domokos 1945 195313.Kálmán Czakó1953 1955 14.György Nonn 1955 195615.Géza Szénási19561975 16.Károly Szíjártó 1975199017.Kálmán Györgyi1990 2000 18.Péter Polt 2000200619.Tamás Kovács2006 2010 20.Péter Polt 2010202521.20252026
Structure
Organizational structure The prosecutor's bodies of the Republic of Hungary National level: Office of the General Prosecutor (Army Chief, the Military Appellate Prosecutor's Office, Central Detective Chief) regional level: Appellate chief prosecution offices Territorial Military Prosecutor's Office (General Prosecution power to operate them, covering several counties) provincial (municipal) level: chief prosecution offices (Public Prosecutor's Investigator) local (capital district) level: local (District) Public Prosecutors The National Institute of Criminology for scientific and research body, the Hungarian Ügyészképző Centre and the profession by training in preparation.
The Supreme Public Prosecutor The Office of the General Prosecutor is located at the top of the prosecutor's bodies, based in Budapest. Monthly official journal of the Public Prosecutor's Gazette. The attorney general has the direct supervision of: Cabinet Office Personnel, Development and Administration Department International and European Affairs Department International Class Self-Representation Department of Legal Self-Representation Economic Directorate Self-Control Unit The criminal deputy attorney general has the direct supervision of: Detection and Surveillance Department Vádelőkészítési Special Affairs Department Criminal Affairs Department Prison Legal expenses of legal supervision and the Department of Self Department of Children and Youth Self- The Deputy Prosecutor General for civil law and administrative law has the direct supervision of: Administrative Law Division Department of Private Law Computer and Information Division, Employment The military is under the direct supervision of Attorney General: Department of Military Affairs Independent Human Resource and Information Department Independent Financial and Accounting Department
References
External links
hu:Ügyészség