Philip Michael Faraday (1 January 1875 – 6 February 1944) was an English lawyer, surveyor, composer, organist and theatrical producer. He composed one of the last Savoy operas, staged several long-running shows in the West End of London, and wrote a book about local taxation that was for many years the standard work on the subject. After sustaining financial losses on shows that he produced in the 1910s, Faraday declared bankruptcy in 1914. In later years he rebuilt his fortune through his legal and valuation work and resumed theatrical production.
Early life Faraday was born in Holloway, London, in 1875, one of five children born to Maria née Bragg (1837–1930) and Charles A. Faraday (1835–1913), a wholesale jeweller. It was a middle-class home with a cook and a nurse living with the family.1881 England Census for Philip M. Faraday, London, Hampstead, Ancestry.com
Career
Early success Faraday first came to public notice in his capacity as a lawyer and valuation expert. In 1896, at the age of 21, he published Rating: Principles, Practice, Procedure, a study of local property tax.Published by the Estates Gazette, 1896, OCLC 559503771 This work became the standard book on its subject;The Times Literary Supplement, 19 July 1934, p. 514 there were three new editions in Faraday's lifetime and a further edition seven years after his death, revised by Sir Arthur Comyns Carr and others.New editions were published in 1903, 1910, 1934 and 1951 Faraday published other papers early in his career.See, e.g., "The Rating of Engineering Undertakings". The Society of Engineers Journal, 5 April 1897, pp. 43–66, accessed 17 August 2010 In 1900 he married Elizabeth Mary Gale (1872–1950) in Islington."Philip Michael Faraday", England & Wales, Civil Registration Marriage Index, 1837–1915, 1900, Q3-Jul-Aug-Sep, Ancestry.com The couple had at least three children: Stanley Michael (1902–1942), Yolande (1904–1965) and Thelma Faraday (born 1907).1911 England Census for Thelma Faraday, Middlesex, Hornsey, Ancestry.com
Music and theatre Alongside his work as a specialist in property valuation, Faraday began to compose songs and light operas. His songs include "Little princess, look up!" (1906), "Lovely woman" (1907), "I love somebody" (1910), "Jack the handy Man" (1910), "Maid o' mine" (1910) and "The Orphan Ward" (1910). With the librettist Frederick Fenn, he wrote Amāsis; or An Egyptian Princess, a comic opera that opened in August 1906 at the New Theatre.Amāsis vocal score, showing the original cast list. Metzler & Co. (1906), accessed 27 August 2010 Fenn's libretto was rated above average, and The Times said of Faraday, "He has a sense of humour, and uses his orchestra ingeniously and artistically; his melodies are nearly always individual, sometimes extremely pleasant, and always well scored and supported."The Times, 10 August 1906, p. 3 The English Illustrated Magazine wrote, "Mr. Faraday's work is admirable throughout, perhaps a trifle too reminiscent at times, and often very suggestive of Sir Arthur Sullivan's work in this field ... but it is imaginative and vigorous.""The London Stage". The English illustrated magazine, Volume 36, p. 46, Macmillan and Co., 1907, accessed 27 August 2010 The cast included two popular former stars of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas, Ruth Vincent and Rutland Barrington. It ran for 200 performances, transferring to the Criterion Theatre during the run.The Observer, 3 February 1907, p. 6 After it closed in London, the production was taken on tour.The Manchester Guardian, 24 April 1907, p. 1
Fenn and Faraday next collaborated on a one-act opera, A Welsh Sunset, described by The Times as "a sentimental, even a sickly little piece."The Times, 18 July 1908, p. 10 Neither the libretto nor the score won critical approval.The Times, 18 July 1908, p. 10; and The Manchester Guardian, 18 July 1908, p. 8 The piece was presented by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company at the Savoy Theatre on 15 July 1908 as a curtain raiser to H.M.S. Pinafore and later to The Pirates of Penzance, for a total of 85 performances.Walters and Lowe Faraday's next stage piece was a musical comedy, The Islander, staged at the Apollo Theatre, with a libretto by Major Marshall.The Playgoer and Society Illustrated, Vol. 2, No. 8, p. 60, London: The Kinghurst Publishing Co. The music received some praise from reviewers, but Marshall's libretto was thought inferior to Fenn's work."At The Play – The Islander", The Observer, 24 April 1910, p. 8; and The Times, 25 April 1910, p. 10 The piece ran from 23 April to 6 August 1910.The Times, 6 August 1910, p. 8 Another musical activity of Faraday's was as "Grand Organist of England" for the Freemasons, a position to which he was appointed in 1914.Henshaw He was initiated into The Holloway Lodge No. 2601 in 1898."Philip Michael Faraday", England, United Grand Lodge of England Freemason Membership Registers, 1751–1921, United Grand Lodge of England, 1887–1909, Membership Registers: London J 2545-2738 to London K 2739-2946, Ancestry.com
As a producer, Faraday presented The Chocolate Soldier (1910), Nightbirds (1912), The Five Frankforters (described as a "Viennese banking comedy", 1912), The Girl in the Taxi (1912), The Girl Who Didn't (1913), and Mamzelle Tralala (1914), all at the Lyric Theatre.The Times, 29 April 1912, p. 12; and 12 February 1915, p. 3 Faraday's other theatrical ventures of this period included a melodrama, Within the Law (1913), co-produced with Herbert Beerbohm Tree,The Times, Monday, 26 May 1913, p. 10 and The Pink Lady (1912), a Broadway show, which he presented in the British provinces."Slap at Our Actors", The New York Times, 19 September 1912, p. 4 Although The Chocolate Soldier and The Girl in the Taxi made large profits, other shows were produced at a loss. Faraday sold his interest in the Lyric and was declared bankrupt in August 1914. The bankruptcy was discharged in February 1915.The Times, 12 February 1915, p. 3
Later years Faraday restored his fortunes by his successful work as an expert on rating and taxation. He became senior partner of Michael Faraday, Rodgers and Eller of Chancery Lane, London, acting for large corporations such as the Port of London Authority and the Durham Coal Owners' Association.Notable Londoners, p. 20 By 1921 he was sufficiently recovered financially to resume his theatrical activities, presenting The Wrong Number, starring Yvonne Arnaud and CM Hallard, at the Duke of York's Theatre.The Times, 13 August 1921, p. 6 The Play Pictorial described the play as a "farcical comedy, by Harriet Ford and Harvey O'Higgins, [which] is concocted with considerable ingenuity, and a theme, not over-strong in itself, is developed with sufficient plausibility to make it both amusing and fairly convincing".
In the same year, he became licensee of the Duke of York's.The Times, 7 December 1921, p. 8 In 1922 he co-produced Sir Arthur Pinero's new play, The Enchanted Cottage, described by The Times as the most important theatrical event of the year."The Theatres. Sir A. Pinero's New Play", The Times, 27 February 1922, p. 8 The play ran for only seven weeks, however, and Faraday gave up the tenancy of the theatre."The Theatres. Future of The Duke of York's," The Times, 20 April 1922, p. 10
Faraday continued his activities as a property valuer, working as a specialist for, among other companies, Harrods into the 1930s.The Times, 12 March 1936, p. 4 In 1939 he was living in Grosvenor Square in Mayfair, London, at one of two homes he owned in London, describing himself on the register as a "Rating Surveyor and diabetic requiring special food".1939 England and Wales Register for Phillip M Faraday, London, St Marylebone Met B., Ancestry.com At the same time his wife was at Aldeburgh in Suffolk with their son Stanley Michael Faraday, who was listed as "Incapacitated".1939 England and Wales Register for Elizabeth M Faraday, Suffolk, Aldeburgh, Ancestry.com
He died in George Street at his second home in London in 1944 at the age of 69.The Times, 11 February 1944, p. 1 In his will he left £4,394 19s 6d."Philip Michael Faraday", England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858–1995 for 1944, Ancestry.com
Notes
References Henshaw, W. B. "Faraday, Philip Michael". Biographical Dictionary of Organists, Composers for Organ and Organ Builders, accessed 26 August 2010. Walters, Michael and George Low. A Welsh Sunset, The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive, accessed 26 August 2010] Notable Londoners, An Illustrated Who's Who of Professional and Business Men, 1922, London Publishing Agency