José María Sánchez Carrión (born 1952, in Cartagena) is a Spanish linguist, specialised in Basque language, sociolinguisticsVILLENA PONSODA, Juan Andrés (2006): "The Iberian Peninsula", in AMMON, Ulrich et al. (2006): Sociolinguistics: an international handbook of the science of language and society, Volume 3, 2nd ed., Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, p. 1805. and historical linguistics.TRASK, Robert Lawrence (1997): The history of Basque, London: Routledge, p. 69. He is an associate member of Euskaltzaindia since 1983. Despite being arguably the best known local academic proponent of reversing language shift measures, he has never held a stable university post in the Basque Country.GARDNER, Nicholas (2002): Basque in education in the Basque Autonomous Community, Vitoria-Gasteiz: Gobierno Vasco, p. 54.
Nicknamed Txepetx ("Wren" in Basque language), he is an Anglo-Germanic philology graduate from the University of Salamanca and Basque philology doctorate from the University of the Basque Country, he has served as a Spanish teacher in Scotland, scientific English teacher at the University of Granada, Basque teacher in a rural school of Navarre, and professor of modern languages and literature of secondary education in the Basque Autonomous Community and elsewhere in Spain.
His research on sociolinguistics, the theory of bilingualism and existential linguistics includes the following works: El estado actual del vascuence en la provincia de Navarra (1970) [The current state of Basque language in Navarre (1970)] (1972), "Bilingüismo, diglosia y contacto de lenguas" [Bilingualism, diglossia, and language contact] (ASJU, 1974), Lengua y pueblo [Language and people] (1980) with articles from 1977 originally published in Punto y Hora de Euskal Herria magazine, "El marco sociológico y espacial en una situación bilingüe" [The sociological and spatial context in a bilingual setting] (UPV/EHU, 1980), and El espacio bilingüe [The bilingual space] (1981).
Sánchez Carrión's insistence on the necessity of compacting Basque speakers has been often cited by advocates of the territorial principle of linguistic rights. Significantly the only article in the 1982 Basque Autonomous Community Law for the Normalisation of the use of the Basque language based on the territorial principle, was declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Spain.GARDNER, Nicholas (2002): Basque in education in the Basque Autonomous Community, Vitoria-Gasteiz: Gobierno Vasco, p. 55.
Far removed from the variational sociolinguistics as from ideological interpretations, he attempts to answer with new perspectives to the problem of why and how languages live and die. He's been a proponent of ecolinguistics since the mid-1980s.SÁNCHEZ CARRIÓN, José María (1985): La nueva sociolingüistica y la ecología de las lenguas, Donostia-San Sebastián: Eusko Ikaskuntza. However, his most notorious work is his doctoral thesis Un futuro para nuestro pasado [A future for our past] (1987), as it has offered to many Basque language loyalists a theoretical framework for their activity.URLA, Jacqueline (2008): "Kafe Antzokia: The Global meets the Local in Basque Cultural Politics", in ROSEMAN, Sharon R. & PARKHURST, Shawn S. (2008): Recasting Culture and Space in Iberian Contexts, New York: State University of New York, pp. 259–261. Further expanding the sociohistorical linguistics approach of his doctoral thesis, he wrote "Las lenguas vistas desde la historia versus la historia vista desde las lenguas" [Languages seen from the point of view of history versus history seen from the point of view of languages] (EI-SEV, 1992).XI Basque Studies Congress: Donostia 1991. New cultural formulas: The Basque Country and Europe In 1999 the Bilbao City Council published Sánchez Carrión's book Aplicación sociolingüística de la territorialidad [Sociolinguistic application of territoriality].
Sánchez Carrión's importance for the Basque studies was stressed early on by scholar Koldo Mitxelena,SALABURU ETXEBERRIA, Pello (2008): Koldo Mitxelena: selected writings of a Basque scholar, Reno: Center for Basque Studies, University of Nevada, p. 75. and this acknowledgment has continued thereafter.AMORRORTU, Estibaliz (2003): Basque sociolinguistics: language, society, and culture, Reno: University of Nevada Press, pp. 47 & 54. YOLDI, Pilar (2011) : Euskara, Donostia-San Sebastián: Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa, Departamento de Cultura y Euskera, p. 132 [Text in Basque, Spanish, French, and English] The Basque association Garabide Elkartea participated in the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues in April 2010,United Nations – Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, Ninth Session, 9th & 10th Meetings (AM & PM). where it presented the book The Basque experience, which makes extensive use of Sánchez Carrión's sociolinguistics.GARABIDE ELKARTEA (2010): The Basque experience: some keys to language and identity recovery. S.l.: s.n., pp. 13, 20, 31, 54, 68, passim.
In 2013 he published a book about religion and theology entitled Le code Jean le Baptiste [Code John the Baptist] translated into French by Alain Masson.Bibliothèque nationale de France
Works 1972. El estado actual del vascuence en la provincia de Navarra (1970): factores de regresión, relaciones de bilingüismo. Pamplona: Institución Príncipe de Viana. 1980. Lengua y pueblo. San Sebastián: Elkar. 1981. El espacio bilingüe: aspectos etnolingüísticos del bilingüismo y teoría lingüística de los espacios. Burlada: Sociedad de Estudios Vascos . 1987. Un futuro para nuestro pasado: claves de la recuperación del euskara y teoría social de las lenguas. Estella: Self-published. 1991. Un futuro para nuestro pasado: claves de la recuperación del euskara y teoría social de las lenguas, 2nd ed. San Sebastián: Seminario de Filología Vasca "Julio de Urquijo". 1999a. Aplicación sociolingüística de la territorialidad: márgenes de encuentro, Bilbao y el euskara: sistemas modélicos de interpretación, modelos sistémicos de actuación. Bilbao: Ayuntamiento de Bilbao. 1999b. Lengua y pueblo, 2nd ed. Pamplona: Pamiela. 2000. Bizi + Hitza Fundazioa = Fundación Hololingüística. Bilbao: Bizi + Hitza Fundazioa. 2013. Le code Jean le Baptiste. Beaumont-Pied-de-Boeuf: NVA. 2017. Ascesis de la luz escrita: el lenguaje de la luz (III). Madrid: Bizi+Hitza Fundazioa = Fundación Vida y Lenguas. 2019. El lenguaje de la luz: el código "Jesús el Cristo". Roquetas de Mar: Círculo Rojo. 2023. Le code Jésus le Christ . Beaumont-Pied-de-Boeuf: NVA.
References
External links The Basque Experience: Some Keys to Language and Identity Recovery A book by Garabide Elkartea association which divulgates J. M. Sánchez Carrión's theory in chapter named "Language Recovery" (2010)