Spirorchiidae is a family of digenetic trematodes. Infestation by these trematodes leads to the disease spirorchiidiosis. Spirorchiids are mainly parasites of turtles.Snyder, S. D. (2004). Phylogeny and paraphyly among tetrapod blood flukes (Digenea: Schistosomatidae and Spirorchiidae). International Journal for Parasitology 34(12), 1385-92. It has been synonymised with Proparorchiidae Ward, 1921, Spirorchidae Stunkard, 1921, and Spirorchiidae MacCallum, 1921.
Genera Amphiorchis Price, 1934 Baracktrema Roberts, Platt & Bullard in Roberts, Platt, Orélis-Ribeiro & Bullard, 2016 Cardiotrema Dwivedi, 1967 Carettacola Manter & Larson, 1950 Cheloneotrema Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980 Coeuritrema Mehra, 1933 Enterohaematotrema Mehra, 1940 Hapalorhynchus Stunkard, 1922 Hapalotrema Looss, 1899 Learedius Price, 1934 Monticellius Mehra, 1939 Neocaballerotrema Simha, 1977 Neospirorchis Price, 1934 Plasmiorchis Mehra, 1934 Platt Roberts & Bullard in Roberts, Arias, Halanych, Dang & Bullard, 2018 Satyanarayanotrema Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980 Shobanatrema Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980 Spirhapalum Ejsmont, 1927 Spirorchis MacCallum, 1919 Unicaecum Stunkard, 1925 Uterotrema Platt & Pichelin, 1994 Vasotrema Stunkard, 1928
Hosts Freshwater spirorchiids have been reported to infect the freshwater snails Helisoma trivolvis, Helisoma anceps, Physa sp., Menetus dilatatus, Ferrissia fragilis, Biomphalaria occide, Biomphalaria sudanica, Biomphalaria glabrata, Biomphalaria tenagophila, Pomacea sp. and Indoplanorbis exustus as intermediate hosts.. Marine species have been reported to infect vermetid gastropods belonging to the genera Thylacodes, Thylaeodus, and Dendropoma, and terebellid polychaetes belonging to the genera Amphitrite and Enoplobranchus as intermediate hosts.
The cardiovascular parasites Learedius learedi, Hapalotrema postorchis, Monticellius indicum and Amphiorchis solus have been found in the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas)..
Spirhapalum siamensis is a parasite found in the heart of the Amboina box turtle (Cuora amboinensis)..
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