Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (; ) is a political party in the Indian state of Jharkhand, founded by Binod Bihari Mahato, Shibu Soren, and A. K. Roy. Hemant Soren is the president of the JMM. JMM is also an influential political party in the state of Odisha and parts of neighbouring states. Its election symbol in Jharkhand is the Bow and Arrow.

The party was officially created on the birthday of Birsa Munda, the 19th-century tribal warrior of Jharkhand, who fought against the British rule in present-day Jharkhand.P. 522 Lok Sabha debates by India. Parliament. House of the People, India. Parliament. Lok Sabha The State of Jharkhand also came into existence on Birsa Munda's birthday in 2000.P. 200 Basic Facts of General Knowledge By Sura College of Competition, V.V.K.Subburaj

Formation For almost six decades the movement to separate Jharkhand from Bihar had been attempting to gain a foothold. The Jharkhand Party gained political strength but commissions examining the demands for a separate Jharkhand State consistently rejected its demands. Before 1962, the Jharkhand Party held between 23 and 32 seats in the Bihar Legislative Assembly. In 1962, it won 20 seats. Jaipal Singh Munda merged the Jharkhand Party with the Indian National Congress in 1963 and became a minister in Vinodanand Jha's government in Bihar. But other members did not join the Congress.

In the 1967 general election, the party had a very poor showing with only eight Assembly seats. The party soon split into several splinter parties each claiming to be the real Jharkhand Party. These included the Jharkhand Party led by N. E. Horo, the Jharkhand Party led by Naren, and the All India Jharkhand Party led by Bagun Sumroi. There was also the Hul Jharkhand Party led by Justin Richard, which further fragmented and became the Bihar Progressive Hul Jharkhand Party led by Shibu Soren.

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha was founded by Soren, Binod Bihari Mahato and Marxist Co-ordination Committee leader A. K. Roy. The party was officially created on the birthday of Birsa Munda, a 19th-century tribal warrior from Jharkhand, who fought against British rule in the region.P. 522 Lok Sabha debates by India. Parliament. House of the People, India. Parliament. Lok Sabha

On 4 February 1973, Mahato became president of the party and Soren became its general secretary. Prominent party leaders at that time included Roy, Nirmal Mahto and Tek Lal Mahto, among others.

Early years

In its early years, the JMM under Soren's leadership brought industrial and mining workers who were mainly non-tribals belonging to the Dalit and backward communities such as Surdis, Doms, Dusadh, Kurmi, Koiri, Gowala, and Teli into its fold. However Soren's association with the late politician Gyanranjan brought him close to the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. He won the Dumka Lok Sabha seat in 1972. Irked by Soren's association with the Indian National Congress, a few younger members of the JMM banded together in Jamshedpur and set up the All Jharkhand Students Union (AJSU). This did not affect the growth of the JMM in the 1991 Indian general election, where the party won six seats.

Ram Dayal Munda reignited the movement for Jharkhand by unifying splinter groups among the tribals. Under his guidance the Jharkhand Coordination Committee was constituted in June 1987, comprising 48 organisations and group including the JMM factions. Due to Munda, Shibu Soren, Suraj Mandal, Simon Marandi, Shailendra Mahato, and AJSU leaders like Surya Singh Besra and Prabhakar Tirkey briefly shared a political platform, but the JMM pulled out of JCC as it felt that "the collective leadership was a farce". In 1988 and 1989, the JMM, AJSU and JPP successfully orchestrated so-called bandhs, economic blockades.

Political wings

Jharkhand Yuva Morcha

Jharkhand Yuva Morcha (Jharkhand Youth Front) and Jharkhand Chhatra Morcha (Jharkhand Student Front), the youth and student wings of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, were constituted at a conference in Ranchi 16 October 1991.

Electoral history

General election results Election Year Lok Sabha Seats contested Seats won ± seats Overall Votes Percentage of votes State (seats)19848th Lok Sabha100332,4030.14Bihar19899th Lok Sabha12331,032,2760.34199110th Lok Sabha14631,481,9000.54199611th Lok Sabha29151,287,0720.38199812th Lok Sabha16011,324,5480.36199913th Lok Sabha230974,6090.27200414th Lok Sabha9551,846,8430.47Jharkhand200915th Lok Sabha42231,665,1730.40201416th Lok Sabha2121,637,9940.30201917th Lok Sabha13111,901,9760.31202418th Lok Sabha6322,652,9550.41

Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election results Election Year Seats contested Seats won ± seats Overall Votes Percentage of votes200549 51,447,77414.29200978 11,562,06015.20201479 12,832,92120.43201943 112,817,44218.72202443 44,183,28123.44

Bihar Legislative Assembly election results Election Year Seats contested Seats won ± seats Overall Votes Percentage of votes198031 11380,8911.69198557 2443,8221.82199082 101,008,1743.14199563 9803,1322.32200085 21,306,1523.53200518 1276,6710.31201041 1176,4000.612015— 1103,9400.31

Odisha Legislative Assembly election results Election Year Seats contested Seats won ± seats Overall Votes Percentage of votes199516 4307,5171.942000— 1301,7292.14200412 1301,7771.7820245 ——

West Bengal Legislative Assembly election results Election Year Seats contested Seats won ± seats Overall Votes Percentage of votes198211,2680.0119912395,0380.31199626134,4360.3720067——201130226,0470.47

Assam Legislative Assembly election results Election Year Seats contested Seats won ± seats Overall Votes Percentage of votes202616251,3501.16

List of presidents No. Portrait Presidents Term in Office1.Shibu Soren2.Hemant Soren Incumbent

List of chief ministers

No. Portrait Chief Minister Term in Office Assembly Constituency Start End Tenure1Shibu Soren(born 1944) 308 days 2nd Assemblydid not contest 3rd Assembly3Champai Soren(born 1956)5th AssemblySeraikella2Hemant Soren(born 1975) 6 years3rd Assembly Dumka 5th Assembly Barhait 28 November 202428 November 2024Incumbent6th Assembly

List of union ministers

No.PortraitMinisterPortfolioTerm in OfficeConstituency(House)Prime MinisterAssumed OfficeLeft OfficeTime in Office 1Shibu Soren(1944-2025) Minister of Coal 23 May 2004 24 July 2004 Dumka(Lok Sabha) Manmohan Singh 27 November2004 2 March2005 29 January 2006 29 November 2006 Minister of Mines and Minerals 23 May 2004 24 July 2004

List of deputy chief ministers

No. Portrait Deputy CM Term in Office Assembly Chief Minister Start End Tenure 1 Sudhir Mahato(Ichagarh) 2nd Assembly Madhu Koda 2 Hemant Soren 3rd Assembly Arjun Munda

List of leaders of opposition

No. Leader of Opposition Portrait Term in Office Assembly Start End Tenure 1 Stephen Marandi 1st Assembly 2 Haji Hussain Ansari 3 Sudhir Mahato(Silli) 2nd Assembly 4 Hemant Soren 4th Assembly

List of MPs Members of Parliament, Rajya Sabha S.No Members of Parliament Term Term Start Term End1.Shibu Soren08 July 199818 July 200110 April 200202 June 200222 June 20204 August 20252.Stephen Marandi08 July 200416 March 20053.Hemant Soren24 June 200904 January 20104.K. D. Singh08 July 201012 February 20145.Sanjiv Kumar04 May 201203 May 20186.Mahua Maji08 July 202207 July 20287.Sarfaraz Ahmad04 May 202403 May 2030 Members of Parliament, Lok Sabha S.No MPs Constituency Term1.Simon MarandiRajmahal1989–19911991–19962.Shibu SorenDumka1989–19911991–19961996–19982004–20092009–20142014–20193.Shailendra MahatoJamshedpur1989–19914.Suraj MandalGodda1991–19965.Binod Bihari MahatoGiridih1991–19966.Krishna MarandiSinghbhum1991–19967.Hemlal MurmuRajmahal2004–20098.Tek Lal MahtoGiridih2004–20099.Sunil Kumar MahatoJamshedpur2004–200710.Suman MahatoJamshedpur2007–200911.Kameshwar BaithaPalamu2009–201412.Vijay Kumar HansdakRajmahal2014–20192019–20242024–Incumbent13.Nalin SorenDumka2024–Incumbent14.Joba MajhiSinghbhum2024–Incumbent

See also List of political parties in India

References

External links Soren stakes claim to form Jharkhand government – TCN News