Cyanea is a genus of jellyfish, primarily found in northern waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and southern Pacific waters of Australia and New Zealand, there are also several boreal, polar, tropical and sub-tropical species. Commonly found in and associated with rivers and fjords.; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The same genus name has been given to a genus of plants of the Hawaiian lobelioids, an example of a parahomonym (same name, different kingdom).
Species The taxonomy of Cyanea species has seen increased scrutiny in recent years.Dawson MN. 2005. Cyanea capillata is not a cosmopolitan jellyfish: morphological and molecular evidence for C. annaskala and C. rosea (Scyphozoa : Semaeostomeae : Cyaneidae) in south-eastern Australia. Invertebrate systematics 19:361–370.Holst S, Laakmann S. 2014. Morphological and molecular discrimination of two closely related jellyfish species, Cyanea capillata and C. lamarckii (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa), from the northeast Atlantic. Journal of plankton research 36:48–63.Kolbasova GD, Zalevsky AO, Gafurov AR, Gusev PO, Ezhova MA, Zheludkevich AA, Konovalova OP, Kosobokova KN, Kotlov NU, Lanina NO, Lapashina AS, Medvedev DO, Nosikova KS, Nuzhdina EO, Bazykin GA, Neretina TV. 2015. A new species of Cyanea jellyfish sympatric to C. capillata in the White Sea. Polar biology 38:1439–1451. Early zoologists suggested that all species within the genus should be treated as one.Kramp PL. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 40:7–382.Mayer AG. 1910. Medusae of the World: The Scyphomedusae. Carnegie institution of Washington. Recent molecular and integrative taxonomic studies have refuted this assertionSparmann, S. F. (2012). Contributions to the molecular phylogeny, phylogeography, and taxonomy of scyphozoan jellyfish (T). University of British Columbia. Retrieved from https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0073303Hotke, Kathryn M. (2015). DNA Barcode Variability in Canadian Cnidaria (T). The University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/9236 as the scyphozoan community has restored many of the previous species.Jarms G, Morandini AC, Schmidt-Rhaesa A, Giere O, Straehler-Pohl I. 2019. World atlas of jellyfish: Scyphozoa except Stauromedusae. Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg. For example, in the North Sea, the lion's mane jellyfish and the blue jellyfish appear as distinct species.Howson, C.M. & Picton, B.E. (Ed.) (1997): The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Ulster Museum Publication, no 276. The Ulster Museum: Belfast, UK. . vi, p 508 On the East Coast of the United States there are at least two co-occurring species, C. fulva and C. versicolor.Brewer RH. 1991. Morphological differences between, and reproductive isolation of, two populations of the jellyfish Cyanea in Long Island Sound, USA. In: Coelenterate Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Springer Netherlands, 471–477. Cyanea may be a species complex of recently diverged species.
Cyanea annasethe Haeckel, 1880 Cyanea annaskala von Lendenfeld, 1882 Cyanea barkeri Gershwin, Zeidler & Davie, 2010 [nomen dubium] Cyanea buitendijki Stiasny, 1919 Cyanea capillata Linnaeus, 1758 Cyanea citrea Kishinouye, 1910 Cyanea ferruginea Eschscholtz, 1829 Cyanea fulva Agassiz, 1862 Cyanea lamarckii Péron & Lesueur, 1810 Cyanea mjöbergi Stiasny, 1921 Cyanea muellerianthe Haacke, 1887 Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye, 1891 Cyanea postelsi Brandt, 1835 Cyanea purpurea Kishinouye, 1910 Cyanea rosea Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 Cyanea tzetlinii Kolbasova & Neretina, 2015 Cyanea versicolor Agassiz, 1862
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