Roads in Ghana

Roads in Ghana form a network of varied quality and capacity. Responsibility for the road network differs between trunk and non-trunk routes. Trunk roads, which are the most important roads, are administered by the Ghana Highway Authority, which was established in 1974 to develop the trunk road network. Ghana has a total road network of 94,203 km of which 27% is paved with 73% unpaved.

The Department of Feeder Roads is responsible for the construction and maintenance of feeder roads in Ghana, while responsibility for urban roads lies with the Department of Urban Roads. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Ashanti Empire constructed a complex network of roads to link Kumasi with their territories in modern Ghana. For John Thornton, these roads improved transportation across the region by the 19th century.

Road distances are shown in kilometers and Ghana speed limits are indicated in kilometers per hour (km/h). Generally, speed limits range from in urban areas, on Regional and Inter-Regional highways (R and IR routes), on National highways (N routes) and on motorways.

Classification Trunk roads in Ghana are classified as N for National routes, R for Regional routes, and IR for Inter-Regional routes. Each road is given a number which is combined with the prefix, for example N1, R40 and IR11, although their informal or traditional names may still be used or heard occasionally: for instance the Accra - Kumasi Road (now part of the N6).

National routes National routes in Ghana are a class of roads and highways that form the trunk routes between major urban centers. Together, they form the backbone of the road system. This category of roads is designated with the letter N followed by a number indicating the specific route. Odd-numbered routes run east to west, while even-numbered routes run north to south.

List of routes AS Ashanti Region, BA Brong-Ahafo Region, CR Central Region, ER Eastern Region, GR Greater Accra Region, NR Northern Region, UE Upper East Region, UW Upper West Region, VR Volta Region, WR Western Region

Number Route Length (km) Length (mi) Elubo (N12) - Mpataba (R19) - Esiama (R88) - Abra (R86) - Agona (R84) - Sekondi-Takoradi - Cape Coast (R82) - Yamoransa (N8) - Saltpond (R80) - Mankessim (IR1) - Apam Junction (R62) - Ojobi Junction (R17) - Winneba (IR2) - Nyanyano (R15) - Accra (N6) - Tetteh Quarshie Interchange, Accra (N4), Dawhenya (R13) - Sege (R18) - Kase (R11) - Dabala (R16) - Akatsi (R12, R14) - Denu (R11) - Aflao Tema (N1) - Asikuma - Kpong (N3) - Adomi (N5) - Have-Etoe (R26) - Fume (R28) - Golokwati (IR7) - Hohoe (R10) - Jasikan (R23) - Kadjebi (R25) - Nkwanta (R27) - Nakpayili (R202) - Bimbila (R29) - Pusuga (N9) - Yendi (R201, R204) - Sakpeigu (N14) - Gushiegu (R107, R110) - Nyakpanduri (IR11) - Bawku (N11) - Kulungugu Kpong (N2) - Somanya (R30) - Oterkpalu (IR3) - Koforidua (R42) Accra (N1) - Adenta (R40) - Mamfe (R22) - Koforidua (R42) - Asokore (R41) - Bunso (N6, R32) Adome (N2) - Juapong - Ho (R10, R26, R55) Accra (N1) - Nsawam (IR1) - Suhum (R41) - Apedwa (R60) - Bunso (N4) - Anyinam (R61) - Nkawkaw (IR3) - Juaso (IR2) - Konongo (R76) - Bomfa (R87) - Ejisu (R104) - Kumasi (IR4, IR5, N10, R108, R52) Sawla (N12) - Larabanga - Fufulsu (N10) Yamoransa (N1) - Dunkwa - Fomena - Bekwai - Kumasi (N6, N10) Tamale (N10) - Jimle - Yendi (N2) Kumasi (N6, N8)- Techiman - Tamale (N9) - Bolgatanga (N11) - Paga Bolgatanga (N10) - Zebilla - Bawku (N2) - Bimpiela Elubo (N1) - Enchi - Sunyani - Bamboi - Wa - Lawra - Hamile Lawra - Tumu - Navrongo Sakpeigu - Cheperoni - Yawgu Tumu - Kapulima Wa - Han

Inter-regional routes Inter-Regional routes, designated with the prefix IR, connect major settlements and regional capitals across regional borders. Running east to west are odd-numbered routes, while north-south routes are even-numbered.

List of routes AS Ashanti Region, BA Brong-Ahafo Region, CR Central Region, ER Eastern Region, GR Greater Accra Region, NR Northern Region, UE Upper East Region, UW Upper West Region, VR Volta Region, WR Western Region

Number RouteIR1 Aburi, ER - Mankessim, CRIR2 Winneba, CR - Juaso, ASIR3 Obuasi, AS - Oterkpalu, ERIR4 Kumasi, AS - Chambuligu, NRIR5 Osei Kojokrom, WR - Abuakwa, ASIR6 Agona, WR - Ayanfuri, CRIR7 Kame, VR - Nkonsia, ERIR8 Dunkwa, CR - Kyeremaso, BAIR9 Prang, BA - Berekum, BAIR10 Busunu, NR - Chuchuliga, UEIR11 Yawgu, NR - Pala, UWIR12 Elubo, WR - Hamile, UWR

Regional routes Regional routes are a mix of primary and secondary routes that link major settlements and serve as feeder roads to the National route network. Major regional routes are designated with the letter R followed by a two-digit number, while Minor regional routes are designated with the letter R followed by a three-digit number.

Designation as a Regional route does not imply that a road is maintained by a regional authority; some parts of the Regional route network are maintained by the Ghana Highway Authority, and parts in cities and towns may be ordinary streets maintained by the Department of Urban Roads and the Department of Feeder Roads. Regional routes vary in quality and size from dirt roads to multi-lane paved highways.

Major regional routes Major regional routes are the second category of road in the Ghana trunk road network. They serve as feeder roads to the national route network, and are the primary trunk roads in areas where there is no national route.

List of routes AS Ashanti Region, BA Brong-Ahafo Region, CR Central Region, ER Eastern Region, GR Greater Accra Region, NR Northern Region, UE Upper East Region, UW Upper West Region, VR Volta Region, WR Western Region

Number RouteR10 Denu, VR – Ho, VRR11 Kasseh, VR – Denu, VRR12 Akatsi, VR – Akanu, VRR13 Akplabanya, GR - Dodowa, GRR14 Akatsi, VR – Ziope, VRR15 Nyanyano, CR – Bawjiase, CRR16 Srogbe, VR – Dabala, VRR17 Ojobi, CR – Senya-Beraku, CTR18 Akplabanya - BattorR19 Mpataba, WR – Jewi Wharf, WRR20 Ashaiman - DodowaR21 Atimpoku, ER – Akosombo, ERR22 Doryum - MamfeR23 Jasikan, VR – Worawora, VRR24 Frankadua, VR – Adidome, VRR25 Kadjebi, VR – Apesokubi, VRR26 Have, VR – Borae, VRR27 Nkwanta, WR – Dambai, NRR28 Fume, VR – Sogakope, VRR29 Zabzugu, NR - Salaga, NRR30 Adukrom, WR – Konongo-Odumase, ASR31 Seems not to existR32 Begoro, ER – Dominase, ERR33 Seems not to existR34 Begoro - AgogoR35 Seems not to existR36 New Edubiase, AS – Saponso, ASR37 Seems not to existR38 Agyenkwaso, AS - Gyadem, ASR39 Seems not to existR40 Accra, GR - Somanya, ERR41 Effiduase - AssinmansoR42 Mamfe, ER – Nkurakan, ERR43 Juansa, AS – Offinso, ASR44 Agogo, AS – Jema, BAR45 Aframso, AS – Sekyedumase, ASR46 Seems not to existR47 Kwadwokrom, BA – Nkoranza, BAR48 Seems not to existR49 Kpandae, NR – Salaga, NRR50 Ho, VR – Dzelukope, VRR52 Kumasi, AS – New Offinso, ASR54 Ohiyeanisa, WR – Drobo, BAR60 Apedwa, ER – Bunso, ERR61 Anyinam, ER – Kade, ERR62 Apam, CR – Kade, ERR63 Tepa, BA – Goase, BAR64 Adaiso, ER – Obogu, ASR65 Mankraso, AS – Tepa, ASR66 Bechem, BA – Akumadan, ASR68 Berekum, BA – Nkawkaw, BAR70 Golokwati, VR – Hohoe, VRR71 Techiman, BA – Buoku, BAR72 Ekyiaenfokrom, ER – New Kyease, ERR74 Surukrom, AS – Kwame Danso, BAR76 Konongo, AS – Atebubu, BAR80 Saltpond, CR – Abura Dunkwa, CRR81 Assin Foso, CR – Insu, WRR82 Cape Coast, CR – Twifo Praso, CRR83 Asubua, CR – Dunkwa, CRR84 Discove, WR – Agona, WRR85 Busuta, WR – Busua, WRR86 Princess Town, WR – Abra, WRR87 Bomfa, AS – Bekwai, ASR88 Esiama, WR – Anibil, WRR90 Tamale, NR – Karaga, NRR91 Nanton, NR – Kunbungu, NRR92 Tamale, NR – Mankarigu, NRR93 Wenchi, BA – Sampa, WRR94 Menji, BA – Banda Nkwanta, NR

Minor regional routes Minor Regional Routes are the third category of road in the Ghana trunk road network. They serve as feeder roads connecting smaller towns to the national and major regional route network.

List of routes AS Ashanti Region, BA Brong-Ahafo Region, CR Central Region, ER Eastern Region, GR Greater Accra Region, NR Northern Region, UE Upper East Region, UW Upper West Region, VR Volta Region, WR Western Region

Number RouteR100 Atobiase, WR – Nyenase, CRR101Essamam, WR – Tarkwa, WRR103 Obuasi, AS – Apowa, WRR104 Bekwai, AS – Kumawu, ASR105 Awiankwanta, AS – Adumasa, ASR106Kumasi, AS – Abono, ASR107Gushiegu, NR – Pigu, NRR108 Manso Nkwanta, AS – Toase, ASR109Tamale, NR – Daboya, NRR110Gushiegu, NR – Nalerigu, NRR113Naga, UE – Wiagayisoaso, UER114Bolgatanga, UE – Feo, UER116Wulugu, NR – Navrongo, UER121Tarkwa, WR – Akyemfo, WRR122Samreboi, WR – Asankragwa, WRR123 Bawdie, WR – Enchi, WRR124 Asankragwa, WR – Humjibre, WRR125Diaso, WR – Juabeso, WRR126Dadieso, WR – Buako, WRR127Asawinso, WR – Sefwi Bekwai, WRR128Hwidiem, BA – Atroni, BAR129 Kramokrom, WR – New Debiso, WRR131Tumu, UW – Hamile, UWR132 Nadowli, UW – Nandom, UWR158Winkogo, UE – Nangodi, UER180 Yala, UW – Wahabu, UWR181Sanadema, UE – Fian, UWR182 Walembele, UW – Tumu, UWR184 Hian, UW – Gbal, UWR201Tatali, NR – Tamale, NRR202Ketekrachi, VR – Nakpayili, NRR204Yendi, NR – Chereponi, NR

Signage

Signage on the Ghana network conforms broadly to international norms. All length distances are shown in kilometers, speed is in kilometers per hour, whilst height and width restrictions are shown in meters. Signs may be of an informative, warning or instructional nature. Instructional signs are generally circular, warnings are triangular, and informative signs are rectangular or square. Informative signs, which include directional signs, use white text on a blue background.

See also List of road interchanges in Ghana

References

External links Ghana Highway Authority Ministry of Transportation