Kostas Karamanlis served as a Prime Minister of Greece for two consecutive terms. During his incumbency, the period 2004-2009, he formed two cabinets. The second Kostas Karamanlis cabinet was formed after the 2007 elections and was succeeded by the George Papandreou Cabinet.

Second Karamanlis cabinet, 2007–2009 On September 18, 2007, after the re-election of his government, Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis announced his second cabinet, the members of which assumed office on 19 September 2007.

As part of a reorganisation of the ministries, the incoming government announced: the merger of the Ministry of the Interior, Public Administration and Decentralisation and the Ministry of Public Order to form the Ministry of the Interior and Public Order; the merger of the Ministry of the Mercantile Marine and the Ministry of the Aegean and Island Policy to form the Ministry of Mercantile Marine and Island Policy.

On 7 January 2009, Karamanlis announced another major cabinet reshuffle.

OfficeIncumbentSincePrime MinisterKostas Karamanlis10 March 2004Minister for the Interior and Public OrderProkopis Pavlopoulos10 March 2004Minister for Economy and FinanceGeorgios Alogoskoufis10 March 2004Yannis Papathanasiou8 January 2009Minister for Foreign AffairsDora Bakoyannis15 February 2006Minister for National DefenceVangelis Meimarakis15 February 2006Minister for DevelopmentChristos Folias19 September 2007Kostis Hatzidakis8 January 2009Minister for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public WorksGeorgios Souflias10 March 2004Minister for National Education and Religious AffairsEvripidis Stylianidis19 September 2007Aris Spiliotopoulos8 January 2009Minister for Employment and Social ProtectionVasilios Magginas30 April 2007Fani Palli-Petralia18 December 2007Minister for Health and Social SolidarityDimitris Avramopoulos15 February 2006Minister for Rural Development and FoodAlexandros Kontos19 September 2007Sotirios Hatzigakis8 January 2009Minister for JusticeSotirios Hatzigakis19 September 2007Nikos Dendias8 January 2009Minister for Culture and AthleticsMichalis Liapis19 September 2007Antonis Samaras8 January 2009Minister for TourismAris Spiliotopoulos19 September 2007Kostas Markopoulos8 January 2009Minister for Transport and CommunicationsKostis Hatzidakis19 September 2007Evripidis Stylianidis8 January 2009Minister for Mercantile Marine and Island PolicyGeorgios Voulgarakis19 September 2007Anastasios Papaligouras12 September 2008Minister for Macedonia–ThraceMargaritis Tzimas19 September 2007Stavros Kalafatis8 January 2009Minister for StateTheodoros Roussopoulos10 March 2004Prokopis Pavlopoulos (offices merged)24 October 2008Alternate Minister of Interior and Public OrderChristos Markogiannakis8 January 2009

Defunct cabinet positions Minister for Industry, Energy and Technology Minister for Trade Minister for the Press and the Media