Plutonomy (; a portmanteau of plutocracy and economy) is the science of production and distribution of wealth.
Origins
Plutonomy entered the language as late as the 1850s in the work of John Malcolm Forbes Ludlow. John Ruskin is quoted as having referred to plutonomy as a "base or bastard science".Oxford English Dictionary, 2d ed., quoting T. Shorter in Weldon's.
Citigroup analysts have also used the word plutonomy to describe economies "where economic growth is powered by and largely consumed by the wealthy few."Kapur, Ajay, Niall Macleod, Narendra Singh: "Plutonomy: Buying Luxury, Explaining Global Imbalances", Citigroup, Equity Strategy, Industry Note: October 16, 2005. page 1. In three reports for super-rich Citigroup clients published in 2005 and 2006, a team of Citigroup analysts elaborated on their thesis that the share of the very rich in national income of plutonomies had become so large that what is going on in these economies and in their relation with other economies cannot be properly understood any more with reference to the average consumer: "The rich are so rich that their behavior – be it negative savings, or just very low consumption of oil as a % of their income – overwhelms that of the 'average' consumer."Kapur, Ajay et al.: “The Plutonomy Symposium – Rising Tides Lifting Yachts”, page 8.
The authors of these studies predicted that the global trend toward plutonomies would continue, for various reasons, including "capitalist-friendly governments and tax regimes".Kapur, Ajay, Niall Macleod, Narendra Singh: "Plutonomy: Buying Luxury, Explaining Global Imbalances", Citigroup, Equity Strategy, Industry Note: October 16, 2005. page 9f. They do, however, also warn of the risk that, since "political enfranchisement remains as was – one person, one vote, at some point it is likely that labor will fight back against the rising profit share of the rich and there will be a political backlash against the rising wealth of the rich."Kapur, Ajay, Niall Macleod, Narendra Singh: "Revisiting Plutonomy: The Rich Getting Richer", Citigroup, Equity Strategy, Industry Note: March 5, 2006. p. 10.
In their study "Piketty and Plutonomy: The Revenge of Inequality" they state that in the long term the drivers of the further concentration of wealth are intact, including globalization and capitalism-friendly governments. However, they warn that in the short-term there is potential for a backlash. One reason is that the US central bank Federal Reserve is reducing their asset purchases. According to Kapur and team, "the balance sheets of the plutonomists have been an important transmission channel of monetary policy." They further see the luxury industry catering to plutonomists threatened by anti-corruption initiatives of China and India. Firms like Rémy Cointreau are already suffering from this, they write.Ajay, Kapur, Ritesh Samadhiya und Umesha de Silva: “Piketty and Plutonomy: The Revenge of Inequality”, Equity Strategy | Global Emerging Markets, Bank of America Merrill Lynch, 30 May 2014
References
Further reading Kapur, Ajay et al.: "The Plutonomy Symposium – Rising Tides Lifting Yachts", Citigroup, Equity Strategy, The Global Investigator, September 29, 2006.
External links
The Wall Street Journal: Plutonomics, January 8, 2007 Noam Chomsky: Plutonomy and the Precariat, Posted: 05/08/2012 Edward Fullbrook in Real World Economics Review: The political economy of bubbles, Issue 59,2012 BCG: Global Wealth 2014, Riding a Wave of Growth (Press release)