Lacto-ovo vegetarianism

Lacto-ovo vegetarianism or ovo-lacto vegetarianism is a type of diet which forbids animal flesh but allows the consumption of animal products such as dairy, eggs and honey.Puskar-Pasewicz, Margaret. (2010). Cultural Encyclopedia of Vegetarianism. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 242. Dwyer, Johanna T. Vegetarian Diets. In Benjamin Caballero. (2013). Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition, Volume 4. Elsevier. pp. 316-322. ISBN 978-0-12-375083-9 Unlike pescetarianism, it does not include fish or other seafood. A typical ovo-lacto vegetarian diet may include fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, meat substitutes, nuts, seeds, soy, cheese, milk, yogurt and eggs.

In most Western English-speaking countries, the word "vegetarian" usually refers to this type of vegetarianism; however this is not universally the case. In India, lacto-ovo vegetarians are known as "eggetarian" (a portmanteau of "egg" and "vegetarian"), as "vegetarianism" usually refers to lacto vegetarianism.

Etymology The terminology stems from the Latin lac meaning "milk" (as in 'lactation'), ovum meaning "egg", and the English term vegetarian, so as giving the definition of a vegetarian diet containing milk and eggs.

Diet

In the Western world, ovo-lacto vegetarians are the most common and most traditional type of vegetarian.Whorton, James. (2000). Vegetarianism. In K. Kiple & K. Ornelas. The Cambridge World History of Food. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1553-1564. Generally speaking, when one uses the term vegetarian, an ovo-lacto vegetarian is assumed.

Religion

In Indian religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism most individuals are either raised as ovo-lacto vegetarians or lacto vegetarians.Surveys studying food habits of Indians include: "Dairy and poultry sector growth in India" , Quote: "An analysis of consumption data originating from National Sample Survey (NSS) shows that 42 percent of households are vegetarian, in that they never eat fish, meat or eggs. The remaining 58 percent of households are less strict vegetarians or non-vegetarians." "Indian consumer patterns" and "Agri reform in India" . Results indicate that Indians who eat meat do so infrequently with less than 30% consuming non-vegetarian foods regularly, although the reasons may be economical.

The Bible Christian Church was a Christian vegetarian sect founded by William Cowherd in 1809. Cowherd was one of the philosophical forerunners of the Vegetarian Society founded in 1847. The Bible Christian Church promoted the use of eggs, dairy and honey as God's given food per "the promised land flowing with milk and honey" (Exodus 3:8).

Many Seventh-day Adventists are ovo-lacto vegetarians and have recommended a vegetarian diet, which may include milk products, eggs and honey since late 19th century.

Health effects

Lacto-ovo vegetarian diets have a high overall diet quality compared to non-vegetarian diets. Lacto-ovo vegetarian diets have positive effects on blood lipids such as lowering low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol and are associated with a reduced risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease. The 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans described a lacto-ovo vegetarian dietary pattern as one of several dietary options to promote health and prevent disease. The American Heart Association in a 2026 scientific statement on dietary guidance to improve cardiovascular health commented that a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet can support cardiovascular health and a healthy body weight.

There is high-quality evidence that lacto-ovo vegetarian diets reduce blood pressure. Lacto-ovo vegetarian diets are associated with an increased risk of iron deficiency.

Lacto-ovo vegetarianism

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