Prunum is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Pruninae of the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.
The separation between the genera Prunum and Volvarina is not very precise. They form together a monophyletic clade. The differences between these two genera are based on differences in the morphology of the shell, the radula, the radular cartilage, the mantle and the internal anatomy.Jeremy B.C. Jackson, Scott Lidgard, and Frank K. McKinney, Evolutionary patterns : growth, form and tempo in the fossil record, The University of Chicago Press, 2001 A rather arbitrary criterion is currently used to distinguish between the two genera. The large species with a strong callus are placed in Prunum, the slender species with a thin callus in Volvarina, leaving in between many ambiguous species. To date (2010) there is no phylogenetic analysis behind the current generic placements
Species Species within the genus Prunum include:
Prunum abyssorum (Tomlin, 1916) Prunum adelantado Espinosa & Ortea, 2018 Prunum aikeni T. Cossignani, 2018 Prunum aitanae Espinosa & Ortea, 2019 Prunum albertoangelai Cossignani, 2005 Prunum albertoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1998 Prunum albuminosa (Dall, 1919) Prunum aletes Roth, 1978 Prunum amabile (Redfield, 1852) Prunum amphorale de Souza, 1992 Prunum amygdalum (Kiener, 1841) Prunum annulatum (Reeve, 1865) Prunum antillanum (Sarasúa, 1992) Prunum apicinum (Menke, 1828) Prunum arangoi Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Prunum bahiense (Tomlin 1917) Prunum batabanoense Espinosa & Ortea, 2002 Prunum bayonai Cossignani, 2009 Prunum beali (McGinty, 1940) Prunum bellulum (Dall, 1890) Prunum boreale (A. E. Verrill, 1884) Prunum cahuitaense Magaña, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003 Prunum caledonicum Cossignani, 2001 Prunum camachoi Espinosa & Ortea, 2003 Prunum canasense Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011 Prunum caneli Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007 Prunum canilla (Dall, 1927) Prunum capense (Krauss, 1848) Prunum carneum (Storer, 1837) Prunum cassis (Dall, 1889) Prunum catochense Cossignani, 2004 Prunum chagosi Hayes & Boyer, 1997 Prunum chumi Espinosa & Ortea, 2000 Prunum cinctum (Kiener, 1834) Prunum cineraceum (Dall, 1889) Prunum circumvittatum (Weisbord, 1962) Prunum coltrorum Cossignani, 2005 Prunum conchibellum Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010 Prunum cubanum Sarasúa & Espinosa, 1977 Prunum curtum (G.B. Sowerby, 1832) Prunum damasoi Cossignani, 2006 Prunum dawnbrinkae Massier, 1993 Prunum egmontense Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Prunum dinisioi Cossignani, 2006 Prunum enriquevidali Espinosa & Ortea, 1995 Prunum estafaniae Pérez-Dionis, Ortea & Espinosa, 2009 Prunum evelynae (Bayer, 1943) Prunum flori Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010 Prunum frumari Petuch & Sargent, 2012 Prunum fulminatum (Kiener, 1841) Prunum gijon Espinosa & Ortea, 2006 Prunum goliat Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011 Prunum gorgonense Roth, 1978 Prunum gregorioi Espinosa & Ortea, 2018 Prunum guttatum (Dillwyn, 1817) Prunum hartleyanum (Schwengel, 1941) Prunum holandae Espinosa & Ortea, 1999 Prunum humboldti Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009 Prunum hunabi Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Prunum ianusi Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Prunum javii Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2013 Prunum josealejandroi Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011 Prunum labiatum (Kiener, 1841) Prunum labrosum (Redfield, 1870) Prunum lalanai Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 Prunum leonardhilli Petuch, 1990 Prunum lipei (Clover, 1990) Prunum lizanoi Magana, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003 Prunum lorenae Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 Prunum macleani Roth, 1978 Prunum magliaroi T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2021 Prunum magnificum (Sarasúa, 1989) Prunum marginatum (Born, 1778) Prunum mariateresae Cossignani, 2009 Prunum martini (Petit, 1853) Prunum mingueloi Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 Prunum montseae Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2014 Prunum nataliae Pérez-Dionis, Ortea & Espinosa, 2009 Prunum negoi Cossignani, 2005 Prunum niciezai Espinosa & Ortea, 1998 Prunum nivosum (Hinds, 1844) Prunum nobilianum (Bayer, 1943) Prunum oblongum (Swainson, 1829) (nomen dubium) Prunum olivaeforme (Kiener, 1834) Prunum pacotalaverai Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2014 Prunum pellucidum (Pfeiffer, 1840) Prunum pinerum Sarasúa & Espinosa, 1977 Prunum poeyi Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 Prunum poulosi Lipe, 1996 Prunum pruinosum (Hinds, 1844) Prunum prunum (Gmelin, 1791) Prunum pulchrum (Gray, 1839) Prunum pulidoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999 Prunum pyrumoides Lussi & Smith, 1999 Prunum quelimanensis Bozzetti, 2001 Prunum quini Ortea & Espinosa, 2018 Prunum quinteroi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999 Prunum redfieldii (Tryon, 1882) Prunum roosevelti (Bartsch & Rehder, 1939) Prunum rosasi Espinosa & Ortea, 2018 Prunum roscidum (Redfield, 1860) Prunum rostratum (Redfield, 1870) Prunum rubens (Martens, 1881) Prunum sapotilla (Hinds, 1844) Prunum saulcyanum (Petit, 1851) † Prunum seriaense Harzhauser, Raven & Landau, 2018 Prunum similerato Ortega & Gofas, 2019 Prunum smalli Espinosa & Ortea, 2002 Prunum storeria (Couthouy, 1837) Prunum succineum (Conrad, 1846) Prunum sunderlandorum Petuch & Berschauer, 2020 Prunum tacoense Espinosa & Ortea, 2014 Prunum tethys Lussi & Smith, 1999 Prunum thalassicola Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007 Prunum torticulum (Dall, 1881) Prunum triangulum Lussi & G. Smith, 2015 Prunum virginianum (Conrad, 1868) Prunum walvisianum (Tomlin, 1920) Prunum woodbridgei (Hertlein & Strong, 1951)
Species brought into synonymy
Prunum abbreviatum (C.B. Adams, 1850) : synonym of Volvarina lactea (Kiener, 1841) Prunum adelum (Thiele, 1925) : synonym of Volvarina adela (Thiele, 1925) Prunum aguayoi Ortea & Espinosa, 1996 : synonym of Prunum lipei (Clover, 1990) Prunum agulhasensis Thiele, 1925 : synonym of Hydroginella agulhasensis (Thiele, 1925) Prunum alabaster Reeve, 1865 : synonym of Volvarina rubella navicella Reeve, 1865 Prunum ameliensis (Tomlin 1917) : synonym of Volvarina ameliensis (Tomlin, 1917) Prunum attenuatum (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of Volvarina attenuata (Reeve, 1865) Prunum augusta (Thiele, 1925): synonym of Dentimargo augusta (Thiele, 1925) Prunum avenacea (Deshayes, 1844): synonym of Prunum bellulum (Dall, 1890) Prunum avenella (Dall, 1881): synonym of Volvarina avenella (Dall, 1881) Prunum bahiensis [sic]: synonym of Prunum bahiense (Tomlin, 1917) (incorrect gender ending) Prunum avenellum (Dall, 1881): synonym of Volvarina avenella (Dall, 1881) Prunum batabanoensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2002: synonym of Prunum batabanoense Espinosa & Ortea, 2002 Prunum bellum (Conrad, 1868): synonym of Prunum avenacea (Deshayes, 1844) Prunum caerulescens Lamarck, 1822 : synonym of Prunum prunum (Gmelin, 1791) Prunum cahuitaensis Magaña, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003: synonym of Prunum cahuitaense Magaña, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003 (incorrect gender ending) Prunum canasensis Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011: synonym of Prunum canasense Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011 (incorrect gender agreement of specific epithet) Prunum canellum (Jousseaume, 1875): synonym of Prunum rostratum (Redfield, 1870) Prunum cantharus Reeve, 1865 : synonym of Prunum capense (Krauss, 1848) Prunum capensis (Krauss, 1848) : synonym of Prunum capense (Krauss, 1848) Prunum carnum Storer, 1837 : synonym of Prunum carneum (Storer, 1837) Prunum charbarensis (Melvill, 1897) : synonym of Volvarina charbarensis (Melvill, 1897) Prunum colomborum Bozzetti, 1995 : synonym of Marginella colomborum (Bozzetti, 1995) Prunum conchibellus Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010 : synonym of Prunum conchibellum Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010 Prunum crassilabrum (G.B. Sowerby I, 1846) : synonym of Prunum labrosum (Redfield, 1870) Prunum deliciosum (Bavay in Dautzenberg, 1912) : synonym of Volvarina deliciosa (Bavay in Dautzenberg, 1913) Prunum dinisioi T. Cossignani, 2006: synonym of Volvarina dinisioi (T. Cossignani, 2006) (original combination) Prunum egmontensis [sic]: synonym of Prunum egmontense Espinosa & Ortea, 2015 (original spelling: incorrect gender agreement of specific epithet) Prunum evax Li, 1930 : synonym of Prunum sapotilla (Hinds, 1844) Prunum exile (Gmelin, 1791) : synonym of Volvarina exilis (Gmelin, 1791) Prunum fortunatum (Clover & Macca, 1990): synonym of Volvarina fortunata Clover & Macca, 1990 Prunum fraterculus E.A. Smith, 1915 : synonym of Prunum martini (Petit, 1853) Prunum fulgidum Lussi & G. Smith, 1999: synonym of Volvarina fulgida (Lussi & G. Smith, 1999) (original combination) Prunum hartleyanum (Schwengel, 1941): synonym of Prunum virginianum hartleyana (Schwengel, 1941) Prunum helena Thiele, 1925 : synonym of Hyalina helena (Thiele, 1925) Prunum hoffi Moolenbeek & Faber, 1991 : synonym of Canalispira hoffi (Moolenbeek & Faber, 1991) Prunum hondurasense (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of Prunum pulchrum (Gray, 1839) Prunum hondurasensis (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of Prunum pulchrum (Gray, 1839) Prunum insulanum (Gofas & Fernandes, 1988) : synonym of Volvarina insulana Gofas & Fernandes, 1988 Prunum joubini Bavay, 1913: synonym of Prunum bahiense (Tomlin, 1917) Prunum keenii Marrat, 1871: synonym of Hyalina keenii (Marrat, 1871) Prunum laetitium (Thiele, 1925): synonym of Volvarina laetitia (Thiele, 1925) Prunum longivaricosum Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Prunum guttatum (Dillwyn, 1817) Prunum mabellae (Melvill & Standen, 1901): synonym of Volvarina mabellae (Melvill & Standen, 1901) Prunum marianae Bozzetti, 1999: synonym of Prunum pyrumoides Lussi & G. Smith, 1999 Prunum monile (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Volvarina monilis (Linnaeus, 1758) Prunum olivaeformis (Kiener, 1834): synonym of Prunum olivaeforme (Kiener, 1834) Prunum pergrande (Clover, 1974): synonym of Volvarina pergrandis Clover, 1974 Prunum pergrandis [sic]: synonym of Prunum pergrande (Clover, 1974): synonym of Volvarina pergrandis Clover, 1974 (incorrect gender ending) Prunum riparia Gofas & Fernandes, 1992: synonym of Volvarina riparia Gofas & Fernandes, 1992 Prunum roberti (Bavay, 1917): synonym of Volvarina roberti (Bavay, 1917) Prunum roosevelti Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 : synonym of Prunum amabile (Redfield, 1852) Prunum sauliae (G. B. Sowerby II, 1846): synonym of Volvarina sauliae (G. B. Sowerby II, 1846) Prunum serrei Bavay, 1913 : synonym of Volvarina serrei (Bavay, 1913) Prunum sowerbyanum Petit, 1851 : synonym of Prunum monile (Linnaeus, 1758) Prunum styrium Dall, 1889 : synonym of Volvarina styria (Dall, 1889) Prunum succinea (Conrad, 1846): synonym of Prunum succineum (Conrad, 1846) Prunum tacoensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2014: synonym of Prunum tacoense Espinosa & Ortea, 2014 Prunum terverianum (Petit de la Saussaye, 1851): synonym of Volvarina monilis (Linnaeus, 1758) Prunum watsoni (Dall, 1881): synonym of Eratoidea watsoni (Dall, 1881) Prunum yucatecana (Dall, 1881): synonym of Dentimargo yucatecanus (Dall, 1881): synonym of Dentimargo yucatecana (Dall, 1881)
References
Cossignani T. (2006). Marginellidae & Cystiscidae of the World. L'Informatore Piceno. 408pp