Mitterer is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Erika Mitterer (1906–2001), Austrian writer Holger Mitterer (born 1973), German cognitive scientist and linguist Josef Mitterer (born 1948), Austrian philosopher Peter Mitterer (1946–2013), Austrian politician Peter Mitterer (archer) (born 1947), Austrian archer Wolfgang Mitterer (born 1958), Austrian composer and musician