List of modern conflicts in the Middle East

This is a list of modern conflicts ensuing in the geographic and political region known as the Middle East. The "Middle East" is traditionally defined as the Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia), Levant, and Egypt and neighboring areas of Arabia, Anatolia and Iran. It currently encompasses the area from Egypt, Turkey and Cyprus in the west to Iran and the Persian Gulf in the east,Albert Hourani et al., The Modern Middle East: A Reader. 1993: p. 2. and from Turkey and Iran in the north, to Yemen and Oman in the south. Conflicts are separate incidents with at least 100 casualties, and are listed by total deaths, including sub-conflicts. The term "modern" refers to the First World War and later period, in other words, since 1914.

List of conflicts Date Conflict Location Casualties 1902–1932 Unification of Saudi Arabia Riyadh Hejaz Kuwait Nejd Transjordan Mandatory Iraq Nejd and Hejaz 8,000–9,000 1909–1910 Zaraniq rebellion 830+ 1914–1918Middle Eastern theatre of World War I Persia Egypt Nejd and Hasa Jabal Shammar Kuwait Lahej Armenia Azerbaijan Ottoman Empire deaths including civilians:2,825,000Statistics Branch, GS, War Department, 25 February 1924; cited in World War I: People, Politics, and Power, published by Britannica Educational Publishing (2010) Page 219.Totten, Samuel, Paul Robert Bartrop, Steven L. Jacobs (eds.) Dictionary of Genocide. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008, p. 19. .Poteri narodonaseleniia v : spravochnik. Moscow. . Pages 61, 65, 73, 77 and 78–5,000,000James L. Gelvin, The Israel–Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War, Publisher: Cambridge University Press Page 77Allied killed, wounded, captured or missing:1,000,000–1,500,000Persians died by famine or disease, excluding influenza:2,000,000:: "Despite Iran's official neutrality, this pattern of interference continued during World War I as Ottoman-, Russian-, British-, and German-supported local forces fought across Iran, wreaking enormous havoc on the country. With farmland, crops, livestock, and infrastructure destroyed, as many as 2 million Iranians died of famine at the war's end. Although the Russian Revolution of 1917 led to the recall of Russian troops, and thus gave hope to Iranians that the foreign yoke might be relenting, the British quickly moved to fill the vacuum in the north, and by 1918, had turned the country into an unofficial protectorate.": "As the Great War came to its close in the fall of 1918, Iran's plight was woeful. The war had created an economic catastrophe, invading armies had ruined farmland and irrigation works, crops and livestock were stolen or destroyed, and peasants had been taken from their fields and forced to serve as laborers in the variousarmies. Famine killed as many as two million Iranians out of a population of little more than ten million." 1918–1922 Simko Shikak revoltMaria T. O'Shea. Trapped Between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan. Routledge, 2004: p. 100 "Simultaneously, 1000 Christians were killed in Salmas, in a massacre instigated by Simko" Persia 1,000–5,500 1919 1919 Egyptian revolution "at least 3,000 Egyptians were killed ..." Egypt 3,000 1919–1923 Turkish War of Independence 882,100–2,075,600+ 1919–2003 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict Mandatory Iraq Kingdom of Iraq Iraq Kingdom of Kurdistan 139,000–320,000 killed 1920 Franco-Syrian War Arab Kingdom of Syria OETA 5,000 1920 Iraqi Revolt "The rebellion was thwarted, with nearly 9,000 Iraqis killed." "... the British mentioned a proportion of 1 to 3, that is 2,050 killed and 6,150 wounded, while an Arab version speaks of 4,000 killed and 4,800 wounded." Mandatory Iraq 2,050–9,000 1921–1948 Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine 7,813 1923 Adwan Rebellion Transjordan 100 1925–1927Great Syrian Revolt (Druze War) State of Syria Jabal Druze Alawite State 8,000–12,000 1925 Sheikh Said rebellion 15,000–250,500 1930 Ararat rebellionYusuf Mazhar, Cumhuriyet, 16 Temmuz 1930, … Zilan harekatında imha edilenlerin sayısı 15,000 kadardır. Zilan Deresi ağzına kadar ceset dolmuştur...Ahmet Kahraman, ibid, p. 211, Karaköse, 14 (Özel muhabirimiz bildiriyor) …Ayşe Hür, "Osmanlı'dan bugüne Kürtler ve Devlet-4" , Taraf, 23 October 2008, Retrieved 16 August 2010.M. Kalman, Belge, tanık ve yaşayanlarıyla Ağrı Direnişi 1926–1930, Pêrî Yayınları, İstanbul, 1997, , p. 105."Der Krieg am Ararat" (Telegramm unseres Korrespondenten) Berliner Tageblatt, 3 October 1930, "... die Türken in der Gegend von Zilan 220 Dörfer zerstört und 4500 Frauen und Greise massakriert." Republic of Ararat 4,500–47,000 1933 Simele massacre"The purpose of this chapter is not to debate the extent of Assyrian civilian deaths at Summayl; the Assyrians claim 3000, while the British cite the figure as no greater than 300." 3,000 1934 Saudi–Yemeni war (1934)Rongxing Guo. Cross border resource management, theory and practice. Ed. S.V.Krupa. Elsevier, 2005: p.115. 2,100 1935 Goharshad Mosque rebellion 151 1935–1936 1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts 500 1935 1935 Yazidi revolt 200 1936 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 1937 Dersim rebellionDavid McDowall, A Modern History of the Kurds, I.B. Tauris, 2002, , p. 209. 40,000–70,000 1939–1945 Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II Italian invasion of Egypt Bombing of Bahrain in World War II Italian bombing of Mandatory Palestine in World War II Anglo-Iraqi War Syria–Lebanon campaign Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran Iran French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon ≈16,000 1946 Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine 1946 Egyptian Student RiotsIkhwanweb. Ikhwanweb Ahmed Abdalla, The Student Movement and National Politics in Egypt 1923–1973. 2008: pp. 64–77 (1946: The Climax) Egypt 100–300 1946 Iran crisis of 1946 Azerbaijan People's Government 2,000 1948– Arab–Israeli conflict Egypt All-Palestine Government 73,000–84,000 1948 Al-Waziri coup Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen 4,000–5,000 1948 Al-Wathbah uprising 300–400 1952 1952 Egyptian revolution Egypt 1,000 1953 1953 Iranian coup d'état. 300 killed 300–800 1954–1960 Jebel Akhdar War Muscat and Oman 100–523 1955–1959 Cyprus Emergency 400–600 1956 Suez Crisis 1956–1960 Yemeni–Adenese clan violence 1,000 1958 1958 Lebanon Crisis 1,300–4,000 1958 1958 Iraqi Revolution 100 1959 1959 Mosul uprising Iraqi Republic 2,000–4,000 1962–1970 North Yemen civil war "Since 1965, the Libyan-backed Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen and the National Liberation Front had unleashed brutal violence on British forces in the south. In the end, the conflict claimed some 200,000 lives." 100,000–200,000 1962–1975 Dhofar War 10,000 1963 1963 Riots in Iran 100 1963 Ramadan RevolutionPolitical Science, University of Central Arkansas. Iraq (1932–present). 1,000 1963 1963 Syrian coup d'étatDerek Hopwood. Syria 1945–1986: Politics and Society. Unwin Himan ltd., 1988: p.45. 820 1963–1967 Aden EmergencyJ.E.Peterson, British Counter-Insurgency Campaigns and Iraq. August 2009: p.12. 2,096 1963 November 1963 Iraqi coup 250 1964 1964 Hama riot 70–100 1966 1966 neo-Ba'athist coup d'état in Syria 400 1966 1966 Arif Abd ar-Razzaq second coupFiles of Major General Khalil Jassim, Jordan 2017, Ghaith Khalil,اوراق اللواء خليل جاسم الدباغ, د.م. غيث الدباغ, دار دجلة للطباعة والنشر, الاردن 80–1001967Six-Day War19,700 1970–1971 Black September 2,000–25,000 1972 Yemenite War of 1972 100+1973Yom Kippur War20,500 1974 Turkish invasion of CyprusJohn J. Mearsheimer (Aug. 1990 Atlantic Monthly). "1,500 to 5,000 killed" 1,500–5,000 1974 Shatt al-Arab clashes 1,000 1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War 150,000 1976–1980 Political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)Gil, Ata. La Turquie à marche forcée, Le Monde diplomatique, February 1981.Devrimci Yol Savunması, Defense of the Revolutionary Path. Ankara, January 1989, pp. 118–119. 5,000–5,388 1978–1982 NDF Rebellion 100+ 1978–2025 Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency 30,000–100,000 1979 Second Yemenite War 1,000+ 1978–1979 Iranian RevolutionE. Baqi, 'Figures for the Dead in the Revolution', Emruz, 30 July 2003 3,164–60,000 1979–1980 Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution 10,171 1979– Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 1979–1983 Saudi Eastern Province unrest 182–219 1979 Grand Mosque seizure 307 1979–1982 Islamist uprising in Syria 40,000+ 1980 1980 Turkish coup d'état 127–550 1980 1980 Sadr uprising 1,000–30,000 1980–1988 Iran–Iraq War 1,000,000–1,250,000 1986 South Yemen Civil War 5,000–12,000 1986 1986 Egyptian Conscription RiotEuropa Publications Limited, The Middle East & North Africa, Volume 50: p. 303 107 1986 1986 Damascus bombings 204 1987 Iranian pilgrim riot (Mecca massacre)K. McLachlan, Iran and the Continuing Crisis in the Persian Gulf. GeoJournal, Vol. 28, Issue 3, Nov. 1992, p. 359; 402 1987–1988 ANO Executions 170 1989–1996 KDPI insurgency (1989–1996) 168–503 1990–1991 Gulf War 40,000–57,000 1991 1991 Iraqi uprisings Al Jazeera 50,000–100,000 1994 1994 civil war in Yemen 7,000–10,000 1995– Islamic Insurgency in Saudi Arabia 300 1998 Bombing of Iraq (December 1998) (Iraqi no-fly zones) 2,000 1999 1999 Shia uprising in IraqMatthew Duss and Peter Juul. The Fractured Shia of Iraq. Center for American Progress, January 2009. p.9. 100–200 2003–2011 Iraq WarGamel, Kim (14 April 2009). "AP Impact: Secret Tally Has 87,215 Iraqis Dead". Associated Press (via ABC News).Leigh, David (22 October 2010). "Iraq War Logs Reveal 15,000 Previously Unlisted Civilian Deaths – Leaked Pentagon Files Contain Records of More than 100,000 Fatalities Including 66,000 Civilians" . The Guardian. Retrieved 20 November 2010.Rogers, Simon (23 October 2010). "Wikileaks Iraq: Data Journalism Maps Every Death – Data Journalism Allows Us To Really Interrogate the Wikileaks Iraq War Logs Release. Here Is the Statistical Breakdown – and Data for You To Download" . Data Blog – Facts Are Sacred (blog on The Guardian). Retrieved 20 November 2010."Iraq: The War Logs" . The Guardian.Carlstrom, Gregg (22 October 2010; last modified 24 October 2010 (at 21 November 2010)). "WikiLeaks Releases Secret Iraq File – Al Jazeera Accesses 400,000 Secret US Military Documents, Which Reveal the Inside Story of the Iraq War" . Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 21 November 2010.Staff writer (23 October 2010). "Iraq War Logs: What the Numbers Reveal" . Iraq Body Count. Retrieved 20 November 2010. Ba'athist Iraq Iraq 460,000–1,033,000 See also: Casualties of the Iraq War 2004 Qamishli massacre (2004)MidEastWeb. Kurdish agony – the forgotten massacre of Qamishlo. March 2004. MidEastWeb 30–100 2004–2014 Shia insurgency in Yemen "The long ongoing war in Sa'ada that has killed over 8000 Yemenis in 2009 alone."Armed Conflicts Report – Yemen. Ploughshares.ca. . Retrieved 9 November 2009. Huthi sources put the number of casualties at 25,000 8,500–25,000 2004– Iran–PJAK conflictMustafa Kibaroğlu, Ayșegül Kibaroğlu "Global Security Watch—Turkey: A Reference Handbook" . Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009. p 161 588–747 2006– Fatah–Hamas conflict Gaza Strip 600+ 2006 2006 Lebanon War ≈1600 2006– Iran–Israel proxy conflict ≈2000 2007 Nahr al-Bared fighting 480 2008 2008 Lebanon conflict 105 2009–2015 South Yemen InsurgencyGovernment casualties (AlJazeera) 2,100+ 2010–2015 Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdownAl-Qaeda casualties: Fox News , The New York Times , Washington Post , Ynet News 3,000+ 2011 2011 Bahraini uprising 100+ 2011–Insurgency in Bahrain22+ 2011–2014 Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014) 7,000+ 2011– Yemeni crisis 9,000+ 2011–2024 Syrian civil war 503,064–613,407+ 2011–2017 Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon ≈800 2013–2017War in Iraq (2013–2017) 155,500–165,500+ 2014– Yemeni civil war Saudi-led intervention in Yemen (2015) 377,000+ 2016–2023 Western Iran clashes Kurdistan Region 74–156 15–16 July 2016 2016 Turkish coup attempt 270–350 2017 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict +305 2017– Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) 4,000+ 2023– Gaza war Gaza Strip 85,000+ 2023– Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present) 2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon