Platyrrhini is a parvorder of primates. Members of this parvorder are called platyrrhines, or New World monkeys, and include marmosets, tamarins, and capuchin, squirrel, night, titi, saki, howler, spider, and woolly monkeys. Platyrrhini is one of three clades that form the suborder Haplorrhini, itself one of two suborders in the order Primates. They are found in forests and savannas from South America to Mexico. They range in size from the western pygmy marmoset, at plus a tail, to some species of howler monkey in the genus Alouatta, at plus a tail. Platyrrhines primarily eat fruit, leaves, and insects. Most platyrrhines lack population estimates, but those that do range from 250 mature individuals to 10,000. Twenty-one species are categorized as endangered, and a further fourteen species are categorized as critically endangered.
The 163 extant species of Platyrrhini are divided into five families. Aotidae contains eleven night monkey species in a single genus. Atelidae contains twenty-three species divided between one genus in the howler monkey subfamily Alouattinae and three genera in the spider monkey and woolly monkey subfamily Atelinae. Callitrichidae contains 53 species of tamarins and marmosets in seven genera. Cebidae contains eighteen species divided between two genera in the capuchin subfamily Cebinae and one genus in the squirrel monkey subfamily Saimiriinae. Pitheciidae contains 57 species divided between three genera in the titi monkey subfamily Callicebinae and three genera in the uakari and saki monkey subfamily Pitheciinae. Dozens of extinct prehistoric platyrrhine species have been discovered, though ongoing research means the exact number and categorization remain uncertain.
Conventions
The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the platyrrhine's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.
Classification The parvorder Platyrrhini consists of five extant families: Aotidae, Atelidae, Callitrichidae, Cebidae, and Pitheciidae. Aotidae contains 11 species in a single genus. Atelidae is divided into two subfamilies: Alouattinae, containing twelve species in one genus, and Atelinae, containing eleven species in three genera. Callitrichidae contains 53 species in seven genera. Cebidae is divided into two subfamilies: Cebinae, containing eleven species in two genera, and Saimiriinae, containing one genus of seven species. Pitheciidae is divided into two subfamilies: Callicebinae, containing 32 species in three genera, and Pitheciinae, containing 25 species in three genera.
Family Aotidae Genus Aotus (night monkeys): eleven species
Family Atelidae Subfamily Alouattinae Genus Alouatta (howler monkeys): twelve species Subfamily Atelinae Genus Ateles (spider monkeys): seven species Genus Brachyteles (muriquis): two species Genus Lagothrix (wooly monkeys): two species
Family Callitrichidae Genus Callimico (Goeldi's marmoset): one species Genus Callithrix (Atlantic Forest marmosets): six species Genus Cebuella (pygmy marmosets): two species Genus Leontocebus (saddle-back tamarins): seven species Genus Leontopithecus (lion tamarins): four species Genus Mico (marmosets): sixteen species Genus Saguinus (tamarins): seventeen species
Family Cebidae Subfamily Cebinae Genus Cebus (gracile capuchin monkeys): four species Genus Sapajus (robust capuchin monkeys): seven species Subfamily Saimiriinae Genus Saimiri (squirrel monkeys): seven species
Family Pitheciidae Subfamily Callicebinae Genus Callicebus (Atlantic Forest titi monkeys): five species Genus Cheracebus (widow titi monkeys): five species Genus Plecturocebus (Amazonian and Chaco titi monkeys): twenty-two species Subfamily Pitheciinae Genus Cacajao (uakaris): seven species Genus Chiropotes (bearded saki monkeys): five species Genus Pithecia (saki monkeys): thirteen species
Platyrrhines The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.
Family Aotidae
Family Atelidae
Subfamily Alouattinae
Subfamily Atelinae
Family Callitrichidae
Family Cebidae
Subfamily Cebinae
Subfamily Saimiriinae
Family Pitheciidae
Subfamily Callicebinae
Subfamily Pitheciinae
References Wilson, Reeder, pp. 128–151
Nowak, p. 111
Nowak, p. 103
Burnie; Wilson, p. 142
Burnie; Wilson, p. 141
Nowak, p. 100
Nowak, p. 124
Nowak, p. 121
Burnie; Wilson, p. 145
Nowak, p. 113
Burnie; Wilson, p. 144
Nowak, p. 115
Nowak, p. 110
Burnie; Wilson, p. 143
Nowak, p. 107
Nowak, p. 106
Nowak, p. 105
Sources