Duke of Longueville (Longueville-sur-Scie) was a title of French nobility, though not a peerage of France.
History
The title was created in 1505 by King Louis XII of France for his first cousin once removed, François d'Orléans, Count of Dunois, son of François d'Orléans, Count of Dunois, son of Jean d'Orléans, himself an illegitimate son of the Duke of Orléans.
From 1648, the Duke of Longueville was also Sovereign Prince of Neuchâtel, a Swiss territory. In 1654, the eighth duke was created a peer as Duke of Coulommiers, but the peerage was never registered and so became extinct at his death.
The title became extinct in 1694, following the death of Jean Louis Charles d'Orléans, who was the brother of Marie de Nemours.
d'Orléans-Rothelin line
The d'Orléans-Rothelin branch emerged as a distinct cadet, illegitimate branch of the House of Orléans-Longueville. This collateral branch was founded when François d'Orléans, Marquis de Rothelin and Prince de Châtel-Aillon, had an illegitimate son named François with Françoise Blosset, Dame de Colombières. This son became the first of the line to hold the title of Baron de Varenguebec et de Neaufle. The line itself solidified through the title and estate of the Marquisate of Rothelin (derived originally through the inheritance of Johanna of Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg, Countess of Neuchâtel and Margravine of Rothelin, who married into the Orléans-Longueville family). Over generations, members of this collateral, illegitimate line held prominent titles and properties, including the marquisate of Rothelin alongside various noble lordships in the Kingdom of France, distinguishing themselves through significant military, ecclesiastical, and cultural contributions to the French ancien régime.https://books.openedition.org/psorbonne/1022?lang=enhttps://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb107027761
Dukes of Longueville François II (1478–1513). Louis I (1480–1516), brother of the preceding. Claude (1508–1524), son of the preceding. Louis II (1510–1537), brother of the preceding. François III (1535–1551), son of the preceding. Léonor (1540–1573), first cousin of the preceding. Henri I (1568–1595), son of the preceding. Henri II (1595–1663), son of the preceding. Jean Louis Charles (1646–1694), son of the preceding. He resigned the title to his brother in 1668. Charles Paris (1649–1672), brother of the preceding. On his death, the title went back to his brother. Jean Louis Charles (1646–1694).
Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death Léonor d'Orléans1551–1573 1540eldest son of François d'Orléans, Marquis de Rothelin and Jacqueline de Rohan Marie, Duchess of Estouteville2 July 1563six children 7 August 1573Bloisaged 32–33 Henri I d'Orléans1573–1595 1568eldest son of Léonor d'Orléans and Marie, Duchess of Estouteville Catherine Gonzaga1 March 1588Parisone son 8 April 1595Amiensaged 26–27 Henri II d'Orléans1595–1663 6 April 1595only son of Henri I d'Orléans and Catherine Gonzaga (1) Louise de Bourbon10 April 1617Paristhree children(2) Anne Geneviève de Bourbon2 June 1642Hôtel de Contifour children 11 May 1663Rouenaged 68 Jean Louis Charles d'Orléans1663–1668 12 January 1646eldest son of Henri II d'Orléans and Anne Geneviève de Bourbon never married 2 April 1694Abbey of Saint-Georges, Boschervilleaged 48 Charles Paris d'Orléans1668–1672 29 January 1649Hôtel de Ville, Parisyoungest son of Henri II d'Orléans and Anne Geneviève de Bourbon never married 12 June 1672Crossing of the Rhine near Tolhuisaged 23 Jean Louis Charles d'Orléans1672–1694 12 January 1646eldest son of Henri II d'Orléans and Anne Geneviève de Bourbon never married 2 April 1694Abbey of Saint-Georges, Boschervilleaged 48
Other members of the family
Jean d'Orléans, brother of the first and second dukes. Marie of Lorraine ("Mary of Guise"), wife of the fourth duke. Jacqueline de Rohan, mother of the sixth duke. Françoise d'Orléans, Princess of Condé, sister of the sixth duke. the Dukes of Fronsac, descended from the sixth duke. Louise de Bourbon and Anne Geneviève de Bourbon, wives of the eighth duke. Marie de Nemours, daughter of the eighth and sister of the ninth and tenth dukes. Charles d'Orléans de Rothelin, descended from an illegitimate half-brother of the sixth duke. Princess Charlotte Louise de Rohan wife of Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
References
http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Swiss_Cantons2.html#Neuchatel