Rote Ndao Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia, consisting primarily of the island of Rote, situated south-west of the western tip of West Timor with an area of 978.54 km2, together with minor offshore islands including Usu (19.4 km2), Ndana (13.83 km2), Ndao, Landu and Nuse; the total area including the minor offshore islands is 1,280.10 km2. The regency seat is in the village of Ba'a (or Baadale), which is situated in Lobalain District. The population of the Regency was 119,908 as of the 2010 censusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 143,764 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at mid 2025 was 155,371 (comprising 78,172 males and 77,199 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 27 February 2026, Kabupaten Rote Ndao Dalam Angka 2026 (Katalog 1102001.5314)

History Created under Law (Undang-Undang) RI No.9 of 2002, Rote Ndao Regency was established with effect from 10 April 2002; it was previously a part of Kupang Regency.

In 1962, it was divided into 4 districts; West, East, South, and Central Rote. Later, in 1967 it was split into 8 districts to fulfill requirements to become an independent regency. This goal was finally realized in 2002 after central government was pressurised by around 300 cultural figures from 19 traditional regions in the area.

Infrastructure There are 542.5 kilometres of road in the regency, from which 314.7 kilometres have been paved with asphalt as of 2020. The regency is served by David Constantijn Saudale Airport with 1,200 metres of a single runway, located around 7 kilometres from the regency seat.

There are four ports in the regency, the biggest and busiest being Ba'a Port, which handled 55% of the region's ship traffic in 2019. Ba'a Port is also connected to president Joko Widodo's sea toll program route TL13 which aimed to reduce development and economic gap between isolated regions. Government of Indonesia also constructed a laboratory and quarantine facility in the port in 2019 as part of massive expansions of the port.

The regency has one regional hospital owned by government of the regency, in addition to 12 puskesmas (Community healthcare centre), 381 healthcare centers, 14 maternity cottages, and four pharmacies. The regional hospital, Ba'a Regional Hospital is located on regency seat. It is classified as D class hospital by Indonesian Ministry of Health. Education facilities in the regency consist of 65 kindergartens, 145 elementary schools, 53 junior high schools, 10 senior high schools, 5 vocational high schools, and one special education school. There's also one higher education institution, Nusa Lontar Rote University.

There are exactly 456 Protestant churches, 13 Catholic churches, 11 mosques, and one Hindu temple. As of 2020, most of the regency has access to 4G internet services and other telecommunication services. The only fiber optic service provider in the regency is IndiHome, which is state-owned under Telkomsel.

Economy Main economic activities in the region as of 2019 was agriculture. There are 22,684 ha of paddy fields in the regency. 50.36% of the regency's workforce work on agriculture sector and contributes to 47.12% of regency's economy. Another important commodity is red onion, which the regency produced 34,257 quintals of it in 2019. Other commodities such as coconut and guava also exist, which the regency's produced 3,445 tons and 45 tons in order. Mining and energy sector contributes around 12% to regency's economy as of 2019. Food processing industry also have established presence in the region and employed around 5,000 workers as of 2019.

Tourism is a small but growing sector in the regency. There were 21 homestays and 33 hotels in varying quality of service on the regency as of 2019. In the same year, the regency was visited by exactly 4,988 tourists, whom more than half of it came from abroad. This was an increase from 2018, which the regency saw 3,861 tourists visiting the region.

Economic growth was 5.23% in 2019, a slight decrease from previous year with 5.42%. The fastest growing sector was natural gas and energy with increase of 18% on the same year. At the same time, unemployment rate was 2.03%.

Geography The regency is surrounded by water, bordering the Savu Sea to the north, the Indian Ocean to the south and west, and the Pukuafu Strait to the east. It is composed of 107 islands, 8 of which are inhabited and 99 are uninhabited. The topography varies from flat make up 35% of its territory to hills around 25%, from 0 to 1,500 metres above sea level. Around 60% of its territory are 200 metres above sea level.

Administration

This Regency was originally composed of six districts (kecamatan), but it later underwent re-organisation into eight districts, and in 2012 into ten districts; an eleventh district (Loaholu) has subsequently been added from the western part of Rote Barat Laut District. Their areas (in km2) and their 2010 and 2020 Census populations are listed below, together with the official estimates as at mid 2025.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 27 February 2026, Kabupaten Rote Ndao Dalam Angka 2026 (Katalog 1102001.5314) The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (in total, 112 rural desa and 7 urban kelurahan), and its postal codes.

Kode Wilayah Name ofDistrict(kecamatan) Englishname Area in km2 Pop'nCensus2010 Pop'nCensus2020 Pop'nEstimatemid 2025 Admin centre No.ofvillagesPostcodes 53.14.01 Rote Barat Daya (a) Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Rote Barat Daya Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5314010). SouthwestRote Island114.5719,73724,30926,569Batutua1985982 53.14.02 Rote Barat Laut (b) Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Rote Barat Laut Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5314020). NorthwestRote Island98.5322,60826,91616,832Busalangga12 (c) 85981 53.14.11 Loaholu Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Loaholu Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5314021). 73.87(d)(d)12,271Oelaba1085981 53.14.03 Lobalain Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Lobalain Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5314030). (Busalangga) 145.7024,78930,66933,522Ba'a18 (e)85912- 85918 53.14.04 Rote Tengah Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Rote Tengah Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5314040). Middle Rote 162.508,0588,9849,383Feapopi8 (f)85971 53.14.08 Rote Selatan Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Rote Selatan Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5314041). South Rote 73.385,1736,0156,402Daleholu785972 53.14.05 Pantai Baru Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Pantai Baru Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5314050). Baru Beach 176.1812,39714,47615,476Olafulihaa15 (g)85973 53.14.06 Rote Timur (h) Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Rote Timur Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5314060). East Rote 110.8412,09314,34315,341Eahun11 (i) 85975 53.14.10 Landu LekoBadan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Landu Leko Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5314061). 194.064,5405,2475,612Landu Leko785974 53.14.07 Rote Barat Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Rote Barat Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5314070). West Rote 116.287,4269,1139,937Delha785981& 85982 53.14.09 Ndao Nuse (j) Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Ndao Nuse Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5314071). 14.193,0873,6924,026Ndao Nuse585983 Totals 1,280.10119,908 143,764155,371 Ba'a119

Notes: (a) including 36 offshore islands, the largest being Ndana, Landu and Nusa Manuk. (b) including 7 offshore islands. (c) including one kelurahan - Busalangga. (d) the 2010 and 2020 Census populations of the new Loaholu District are included in the figures for Rote Barat Laut District, from which it was cut out. (e) comprises 3 kelurahan (Metina, Mokdale and Namodale) and 15 desa. (f) including one kelurahan - Onatali. (g) including one kelurahan - Olafulihaa. (h) including 45 offshore islands. (i) including one kelurahan - Serubeba. (j) Ndao Nuse District comprises the offshore Ndao Island (with an area of 8.63 km2), Nuse Island (5.66 km2) and Do'o Island.

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