Afrasiyab, Afrasiab, Afrosiyab, or Afrosiyob may refer to:
Places Afrasiyab (Samarkand), an ancient site of Northern Samarkand (present day Uzbekistan) Afrasiab Museum of Samarkand, a museum on the site Afrasiab, Iran, a village in Kurdistan Province
People Afrasiyab dynasty, an Iranian Shia dynasty of Tabaristan (present-day Mazandaran province, Iran) 1349–1504 Kiya Afrasiyab, founder and first ruler of the dynasty, reigned 1349–1359 Afrasiyab I of Basra, originator of the title The Prince of Basra in 1596 Afrasiyab Badalbeyli (1907–1976), Soviet Azerbaijani composer
Other uses Afrasiab, a sorcerer and emperor in the Persian epic Shahnameh Afrosiyob, the train service name of high-speed rail in Uzbekistan