Below is the identified timeline of the history of the Turkic peoples between the 6th and 14th centuries.

6th century YearEvent545A Western Wei envoy to the Altai Mountains. First mention of Bumin, as the leader of the Ashina tribe, the rulers of the Göktürks). 551Bumin declares independence of the Turks around the Altai Mountains, conquers Ötüken in Mongolian Plateau and takes the title khagan (qaghan). His empire is known as First Turkic Khaganate. 552Shortly after sending his brother Istämi to the Western Regions as his yabghu (vassal), Bumin Qaghan dies. His elder son Issik Qaghan (Keluo) becomes qaghan. 554Bumin's second son Muqan Qaghan becomes qaghan. After a series of successful campaigns, the Göktürks began to control the Silk Road. 568An alliance with the Byzantine Empire under Justin II is formed after a delegation of the Turks led by Sogdian Maniah arrive in Constantinople to trade silk with the Byzantines.572Taspar Qaghan, the youngest son of Bumin becomes the khagan after the death of his brother. 576The alliance with the Byzantines ceases after the Byzantines (contrary to their agreement) accept a treaty with Avars, enemies of the Göktürks. The Göktürks seize a Byzantine stronghold in the Crimea.580Agathias included within Hunnic circle these tribes: the Vurugunds, Ultizurs, as well as the Turkic tribes Cotrigurs and Utigurs.Agathias, Historiae, V,11,3-4Runciman S., A history of the First Bulgarian empire, London, G.Bell & Sons, 1930, p.7, & notes 581Tardush, the second yabgu in the west, lay siege to Tauric Chersonesus in Crimea. 581Two rival states in China begin to pay annual tribute to the Turkic Khaganate. 584Taspar Qaghan dies, civil war breaks out. (Ishbara Qaghan vs. Apa Qaghan) Tardush interferes. 587Tardush de facto ruler of the west. Period of dual khaganates. From now on the west khaganate is also called Onok. 588Perso-Turkic war of 588–589. An attempt of the Turkic Khaganate to invade Afghanistan. But Bahram Chobin of Persia defeats the Turkic Khaganate. 593End of Turkic interregnum.

7th century YearEvent 609Shibi Khan becomes the khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate. 615 Shibi Khan's advisor is executed by Pei Ju at a negotiation in Mayi; the khan retaliates by invading Yanmen Commandery during a visit there by Emperor Yang, besieging him and his court at the commandery seat (present-day Daixian, Shanxi). He lifts the siege following a false report from his wife, the Sui princess Yicheng, that the khaganate is under attack from the north. 618Tong Yabghu Qaghan becomes the khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate. According to some accounts he is also known as Ziebel the founder of Khazar state (or Khazaria) in Caucasus as a part of Onok. 619Hephthalites/Gokturk raids of 614-616. Tong Yabghu Qaghan raids as far as to Isfahan; but is repelled. 625 Alliance with the Byzantine Empire under Heraclius when the emperor requests military aid from the Turks under Tong Yabghu. 626Illig Qaghan takes advantage of the Incident at Xuanwu Gate and charges to Wei River. 627Perso-Turkic war of 627–629. Böri Shad conquers Derbend in Caucasus and raids Azerbaijan. 628Xueyantuo (under the command of Yi'nan) and Toquz Oghuz defeats Yukuk Shad (shad of northern side) and Ashina She'er (shad of western side) of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate. 630Tang China supports a revolt of vassals of eastern khaganate. Tang army under the command of Li Jing defeats the Eastern Turkic Khaganate at Battle of Yinshan. Emperor Taizong says It's enough for me to compensate my dishonor at Wei River (626).New Book of Tang, Vol. 93 East khaganate becomes vassal of China. 632Kubrat unified and ruled Old Great Bulgaria.638 The two wings of the Western Turkic Kaganate (Nushibi and Tulo) split, with the Ili river as the boundary. 639Ashina Jiesheshuai's unsuccessful raid against Jiucheng Palace. 640Yukuk Shad tries to unite the Onok tribes, but soon escapes to Kunduz in Afghanistan. 642Western Turkic soldiers retreat from Gaochang and the kingdom is captured by Tang dynasty forces. Military conflicts against the Tang dynasty continue for the next few decades. 644Western Turks defeated in a battle against the Tang dynasty in Karasahr. 648Western Turks lose a battle against the Tang dynasty in Kucha. 650Khazars defeat Abd ar-Rahman ibn Rabiah of Rashidun Arabs in Caucasus. 657China dispatches a military campaign that defeats the western khaganate. Western khaganate becomes vassal of China. During power vacuum, Turgesh tribe emerges as the leading power of Onok. 664Peace treaty between Caucasian Albania King Javanshir (636-669) and Caucasian Huns Elteber Alp Ilitver with conditions of dynastic marriage union, Huns' takeover of all Albanian fortresses, annual tribute to the Huns, and Huns obligation to defend Albania from Arab aggression.Gmyrya L. Hun Country At The Caspian Gate, Dagestan, Makhachkala 1995, pp. 29, 199, ISBN 5-297-01099-3 (Strana Gunnov u Kaspiyskix vorot, Dagestan, Makhachkala, 1995)679Ashide Wenfu and Ashide Fengzhi who were Turkic leaders of Danyu Da Douhufu made Ashina Nishu Beg a Turkic qaghan and revolts against Tang dynasty.Sima Guang, Zizhi Tongjian, Vol. 202680Pei Xingjian defeated Ashina Nishu Beg and his army. Ashina Nishu Beg was killed by his men. 680Ashide Wenfu made Ashina Funian a qaghan and revolted against Tang dynasty. 681Ashide Wenfu and Ashina Funian surrendered to Pei Xingjian. 54 Turks (including Ashide Wenfu, Ashina Funian) were publicly executed in the Eastern Market of Chang'an. 681Ashina Kutlug revolts with the remnants of Ashina Funian's men. 682Ashina Kutlug becomes Ilterish Qaghan and establishes the Second Eastern Turkic Khaganate. 685Ilterish Qaghan defeats the Chinese in Hin Chu.693Barsbek proclaims the creation of the Kyrgyz Khaganate. 694Death of Ilterish Qaghan. Qapaghan Qaghan becomes the second khagan.695Qapagan recognises Barsbek as the Khagan of the Kyrgyz. 698 Qapagan annexes Turkestan (On Oq territory).S.G. Klyashtorny-T.İ.Sultanov: Türkün Üçbin Yılı (trans:D.Ahsen batur), Selenge yayınları, İstanbul, 2003, , p.108 against Turgesh.

8th century YearEvent 704Umayyad governor Qutayba ibn Muslim invades Transoxiana.710Second Turkic Khaganate inflicted a crushing defeat on the Kyrgyz Khaganate. Barsbek, Khagan of the Kyrgyz, fell in battle, and his descendants were to remain vassals of the Göktürks for several generations.711in the Battle of Bolchu, Turkic army defeats Turgesh. 713Turco-Arab wars in Transoxiana. Arab victory leads to shift of power in Turkestan from Turkic Khaganate to their Turgesh vassals again. 716 First treaty with known terms between Byzantine Emperor Theodosios III and Danube Bulgaria Khan Tervel delineating borders, fixing the size of Byzantine annual tribute to the Khan at 30 lb. of gold, exchange of prisoners, return of refugees, and unimpeded trade between the two countriesRunciman S., A history of the First Bulgarian empire, London, G.Bell & Sons, 1930, pp. 32-33 716 Qapaghan Qaghan was killed in his campaign against Toquz Oghuz and his head was sent to Changan.Old Book of Tang, Vol. 194-I Kul Tigin carried out a coup d'état. They killed Qapaghan's son and brothers and made Bilge Qaghan a Kaghan. 716 (?) The first written records in Old Turkic language. Bain Tsokto inscriptions of Tonyukuk. (These monuments have been erected by himself, a few years before his death.) 717 Inel Qaghan gets overthrown by Kul Tigin. Bilge Kaghan ascends to the throne. 717 Suluk becomes Turgesh Khaghan. 718 A short period of stability in Turkic Empire. Bilge and his triumvirate (Kültiğin and Tonyukuk) suppress all revolts. 723 Governor al-Harashi of Umayyad Arabs massacres Turks and Sogdian refugees for the second time in Khujand 724 Turgesh Kaghan Suluk defeats superior Umayyad Arab armies by his hit and run tactics so called "The Day of Thirst" (Yawm al-'Atash)Al-Tabarī, Tārīkh al-rusul wa-al-mulūk, The History of al-Tabari, Vol. XXVI: The waning of the Umayyad caliphate, SUNY Press, 1989, , p. 27. 728 Turgesh Qaghan Suluk defeats Umayyad Arab armies for the second time. 730 (?) Khazars defeat Umayyad Arab armies in southern Caucasus. But victorious Qaghan Barjik dies in the battle. 734 Death of Bilge Khagan. 735 Khöshöö Tsaidam Monuments of Bilge Khagan and his brother Kül Tigin. (Bilge has already erected Kül Tigin's monument and Bilge's son erects Bilge's monument.) Together with Bain Tsokto monument of Tonyukuk, these monuments are called Orkhon monuments. (In 2004 the monuments are included in List of World Heritage Sites in Asia and Australasia) 737 Umayyad Arabs defeat Khazars and capture Khazar capital Balanjar. Khazars soon after drive Arabs back. But the capital is shifted to Atil. 738 Suluk is assassinated. 740 Khazar khan Bulan embraces Judaism. But the subjects are free to choose their religion. 744 Turkic subjects like Basmyl, Uyghur and Karluk who are not the members of Ashina clan stage a coup. End of Ashina clan. (except in Khazaria) 744 First Uyghur khan Kutluk Bilge. Uyghurs replace Turkic Khaganate in the east and their vassal Karluks begin to conquer the former Onoq territory in the west. 747 Second Uyghur khan Bayanchur Khan who begins the construction of a big capital city Ordu Baliq 750 Arab empire Umayyad dynasty ends. Abbasid policy more tolerant to Turks. 751 Arabs defeat Chinese in the Battle of Talas during which 20,000 Karluk mercenaries switch to the Arab side in the middle of the battle. 753 Tariat inscriptions of Bayanchor Khan of Uyghurs. (probable date) 755 After the battle of Talas civil war in China. Bayanchor supports Chinese emperor against rebellious general An Lushan. 756 Peace treaty between Byzantine Emperor Constantine V and Danube Bulgaria Khan Kormisosh ending long period of military conflictRunciman S., A history of the First Bulgarian empire, London, G.Bell & Sons, 1930, pp. 37, 289 765 Third Uyghur khan Bogu embraces Manicheism. 766 Karluks defeat Turgesh. Most of Turkestan (former Onak territory) under Karluk rule. But in the west of Lake Aral a loose confederation named Oghuz Yabgu State emerges. 789 Ediz house replaces Yaglakar house in Uyghur Khaganate.

9th century YearEvent 815 Thirty Years’ Peace Treaty of 815 was signed in Constantinople between the Bulgarian khan Omurtag and the Byzantine Emperor Leo V the Armenian about 30-years peace.820Kyrgyz start war with Uyghurs. 821 Uyghurs repulse Tibetans. 836 The capital of the caliphate (Arabian empire) is moved from Baghdad to the new city of Samarra by Caliph Al-Mu'tasim because of unrest caused by Turkic slave soldiers (named Mameluk). (Mameluk practice has begun shortly after Battle of Talas) 840 Kyrgyz (north) defeat Uyghurs. Re-establishment of the Kyrgyz Khaganate. Supported by Uyghur refugees, Karluks establish the state of Karakhanids in Transoxiana. 848 Some Uyghur refugees establish a small state in Gansu, north China. 856 A third group of Uyghur refugees establish another state in Turpan, present day Xinjiang, west China. 868 Ahmad ibn Tulun, a Turkic mameluk general in Arab army founds Tulunid dynasty in Egypt. 881 Three Khazar tribes collectively named Kabar diverge from the main body and move westwards together with the seven tribes of Magyars. 892 Khazars force Pechenegs to west who in turn force Magyars to Hungary. 898 Treaty of 898 between the Bulgarian Tsar Simeon and the Byzantine Emperor Leo Choerosphactus after a devastating unprovoked war on Bulgaria from two sides and final Bulgarian victory resumes Byzantine payment of annual tribute to Danube BulgariaRunciman S., A history of the First Bulgarian empire, London, G.Bell & Sons, 1930, p. 149Treadgold, Warren A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997, p. 464,

10th century