Izu Islands

The are a group of volcanic islands stretching south and east from the Izu Peninsula of Honshū, Japan.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Izu Shotō," Japan Encyclopedia, p. 412. Administratively, they form two towns and six villages, all part of Tokyo Metropolis. The largest is Izu Ōshima, usually called simply Ōshima.

Although usually called the "Seven Islands of Izu" (伊豆七島 in Japanese), there are in fact more than a dozen islands and islets. Nine among them are currently inhabited.

Geography

The Izu islands stretch south-east from the Izu Peninsula on Honshu and cover an area of approximately . There are nine populated islands with a total population of 24,645 people () spread over . The largest of them is Izu Oshima (8,346 inhabitants, ), the smallest Toshima (292 inhabitants, ). Of the inhabited islands, seven are traditionally referred to as the "Izu Seven": Oshima, Toshima, Niijima, Kozushima, Miyakejima, Hachijojima, and Mikurajima, though Shikinejima and Aogashima are sometimes included as well.

During the Edo period, Nii-jima, Miyake-jima, and Hachijō-jima served as places of exile for criminals.

The subtropical Ogasawara Islands, which are also administratively part of Tokyo, lie further to the south. They form a far-flung archipelago of over thirty (30) islands some due south of Tokyo.

Islands Image NameKanji Areakm2 Pop.2007 Peakm Peak Name Coordinates Izu Ōshima 91.06 8472 764 Mihara To-shima 4.12 304 508 Miyatsuka Udone-shima 0.4 210 Nii-jima(with Hanshimaand Jinai-tō) 23.87 2420 432 Miyatsuka Shikine-jima 3.9 600 109 Kambiki 18.48 1914 572 Tenjō-zan Miyake-jima 55.44 2382 815 Oyama Ōnohara-jima 0.2 - 114 Koyasu Mikura-jima 20.58 313 851 Oyama Inamba-jima 0.005 - 74 Hachijo Subprefecture Hachijō-jima 62.52 8363 854 Nishiyama(Hachijō-Fuji) Hachijō-kojima 3.08 616.8 Taihei-zan Aogashima 8.75 192 423 Maruyama(Ō-Toppu) Bayonnaise Rocks--- Myōjin-shō 0.01 - 9.9 Sumisu-tō 0.03 - 136 Tori-shima 4.79 394 Iō-zan Sōfu-iwa 0.0037 - 99

Administrative divisions The Izu Islands are divided into two towns (Oshima and Hachijojima) and six villages (the remaining inhabited islands.) Three subprefectures are formed above the municipalities as branch offices of the metropolitan government.

All the islands (more than a dozen in total) lie within the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. The four southernmost islands are not administered under any town or village in Hachijō Subprefecture, but are unincorporated areas. Torishima is now uninhabited but is an important bird refuge.

Deserted islands between Aogashima and Ogasawara Islands, namely Bayonaise Rocks (Beyonēzu Retsugan), Smith Island (Sumisu-tō), Torishima, and Lot's Wife (Sōfu-iwa) do not belong to any municipality, because both Hachijō Town and Aogashima Village claim administrative rights. They are directly controlled by Hachijō Subprefecture instead.

Ōshima Subprefecture Ōshima Town: Izu Ōshima Toshima Village: Toshima Niijima Village: Niijima, Shikinejima, and Udoneshima Kōzushima Village: Kōzushima Miyake Subprefecture Miyake Village: Miyakejima and Ōnoharajima Mikurajima Village: Mikurajima, Inambajima Hachijō Subprefecture Hachijō Town: Hachijōjima and Hachijōkojima Aogashima Village: Aogashima Other: Bayonnaise Rocks (Beyonēzu Retsugan), Sumisu-tō, Torishima, and Sōfu-iwa

Demographics Though the population on the Izu Islands has been dropping, the pace is less dramatic than on other isolated Japanese islands.

+ Population changes Year IzuIslands IsolatedJapaneseislands JapanTotal 1960 38,707 923,062 94,301,623 1970 32,539 736,712 104,665,171 1980 31,902 630,536 117,060,396 1990 30,032 546,505 123,611,167 2000 28,756 472,312 126,925,843 2005 26,242 422,712 127,767,994 The divergent Hachijō language is spoken on the islands.

Infrastructure

The primary industries are fisheries, agriculture, and tourism. The most scenic spots on the islands are crowded with tourists during summers. Popular tourist activities include swimming, scuba diving, surfing, fishing, bird watching and trekking.

Transportation between the islands, by cargo-passengers boats, jetfoils, and aircraft, is supported by harbours on all inhabited islands and five airports (small islands can be reached by helicopter).

There are 5 airports, 15 harbors, and 19 fishing ports. Flights from Tokyo take 30 minutes, while boats take 7–10 hours and jetfoils make the route in about two hours. Transportation on the islands is considered important to the quality of life, which is why about of paved main roads have been constructed to serve various kinds of vehicles.

There was no electricity on the islands before 1953, but by 1962 98% of the area was receiving electricity.

Geology The islands occupy the northern portion of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc which extends to the Izu Peninsula and Mount Fuji on the Honshū mainland which are northern extensions of the Izu volcanic arc. The Izu arc ends there at a tectonic triple junction.

Volcanic activity is frequent in the area.Volcanoes of the Izu, Volcano and Mariana Islands www.volcano.si.edu 31 people were killed when the research vessel Kaiyō Maru no 5 was destroyed during the 1953 eruption of Myōjin-shō. Volcanic activity, including the release of harmful gases, forced the evacuation of Miyake-jima in 2000. Residents were allowed to return permanently to the island in February 2005 but were required to carry gas masks in case of future volcanic emissions.

To handle the various types of natural disasters threatening the region, including tsunamis, storm, floods, and volcanism, Tokyo metropolitan government has developed prevention and safety measures, including hazard maps and evacuation guidance, radios, signs, and a transport system for emergency supplies.

Ecology A chain of volcanic islands, the Izu Archipelago are oceanic islands that formed relatively recently (within a few million years) without any previous connection to mainland Japan. In contrast to isolated Pacific islands, such as Hawaii and the Galápagos, the Izu Islands are located near the mainland and have thus been frequently colonized by various species by overseas dispersal from the mainland or from adjacent islands. This make them interesting for the studies of ecological and evolutionary processes.

Campanula (Bellflower) colonized the entire archipelago in a single event. Similarly, the Euhadra snails, endemic to Japan, populated the islands in a single event and all individuals on inhabited islands possess an identical haplotype. The Apodemus mice, on the other hand, colonized the islands from the mainland in two independent events.

History 680 - Izu Province was established in the form of being separated from Suruga Province. At that time, the Izu islands belonged to Kamo-gun.『日本歴史地名大系 22 静岡県の地名』平凡社、2000年。ISBN 4582490220。「伊豆国」の項目（P75.）。 12th century and possibly earlier – used as Japanese convict settlements. 1643 - Explorer Maarten Gerritsz Vries called it the De Vries Archipelago.After Dutch explorer Maarten Gerritsz Vries, the first European to describe them in 1643. See "Izu Shotō" in Louis Frédéric, Japan Encyclopedia (Belknap, 2002), p. 412. November 14, 1871 (December 25, 1871) --- Due to the first prefectural integration, they came under the jurisdiction of the Ashigara Prefecture.[ 明治4年太政官布告第594号] - 国立国会図書館近代デジタルライブラリー Meiji 4th Year Dajokan Proclamation No. 594 - National Diet(tr. ?) Library Modern Digital Library 1876 (Meiji 9), April 18 - Due to the second prefectural integration, they came under the jurisdiction of Shizuoka Prefecture.[ 明治9年太政官布告第53号] - 国立国会図書館近代デジタルライブラリー (Meiji 9, Dajokan Proclamation No. 53] - National Diet(tr. ?) Library Modern Digital Library) 1878 (Meiji 11), January 11 - they came under the jurisdiction of Tokyo Prefecture.[ 明治11年太政官布告第1号] - 国立国会図書館近代デジタルライブラリー (Meiji Year 11 Dajokan Proclamation No. 1] - National Diet(tr. ?) Library Modern Digital Library)

Izu Islands

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