Caughey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Catherine Caughey (née Harvey, 1923–2008), Colossus computer operator at Bletchley Park during World War II Christine Caughey, former City Councillor in Auckland City, New Zealand, for the Action Hobson ticket Mark Caughey (born 1960), former Northern Irish association football striker Seán Caughey (died 2010), Northern Ireland politician
See also Caughey Western History Association Prize, given annually to the best book published the previous year on the American West Smith & Caughey's, mid-sized department store chain in New Zealand Thomas K. Caughey Dynamics Award, award given annually by the Applied Mechanics Division, of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)