In 1919, the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Oblast was created in Soviet Russia. This was the precursor to the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (commonly known as Kirghizia) which was established in 1936 as republic in its own right within the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
With the Soviet Union came electricity, water, irrigation, industrialization and literacy to Kyrgyzstan, and the other Soviet Central Asian countries. Scholars such as Alec Nove and J.A. Newth have argued that most development indicators suggests that the Soviet Muslim countries far-exceeded those Muslim countries outside the Soviet sphere of influence. The administrative, political and economic system was revolutionary by Kyrgiz standards, however, numerical indicators of development only partially supports this view, with one claiming that 63.2% of Kyrgyzstan's population still lived in rural areas. This was, however, the highest of any country in Central Asia. The country's higher urbanization rate is in large part because of its large Russian population, with most Europeans living in urban areas. Russian immigration slowed in 1959, the same year the national birth rate increased.Collins 2006, pp. 83. However, the indigenous population had for the most part been untouched by Sovietization, an example being that religion was still widespread.Collins 2006, pp. 84.
In spite of intense efforts to create socialism from "scratch", the social institutions led to infiltrations by religious, tribal and communal group into the political system. After the death of Joseph Stalin, the level of repression declined and less surveillance from the KGB and Moscow led to an increase in the importance of tribes in communal affairs.
Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (1924–1925) and Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (1925–1926) Holders Took office Left office NationalityFirst Secretary of the Kirghiz Provincial Organization of the All-Union Communist Party M.D. Kamensky 1924 1925 Russian Nikolay Uzyukov 1925 1926 Russian
Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1926–1936)
Heads of government Holders Took office Left officeChairmen of the Council of People's Commissars Yusup Abdrakhmanov March 12, 1927 September 27, 1933 Bayaly Isakeyev September 27, 1933 December 5, 1936
Heads of party Holders Took office Left office NationalityFirst Secretary of the Kirghiz Provincial Organization of the All-Union Communist Party Nikolay Uzyukov 1926 1927 Russian Vladimir Shubrikov 1927 1929 Russian Mikhail Kulkov 1929 1930 Russian Aleksandr Shakhray 1930 1934 Russian Moris Belotsky 1934 December 5, 1936 Jewish
Heads of state Holders Took office Left officeChairmen of the Central Executive Committee Abdukadyr Urazbekov March 12, 1927 December 5, 1936
Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
Heads of government Holders Took office Left officeChairmen of the Council of People's Commissars Bayaly Isakeyev December 5, 1936 September 8, 1937 Murat Salikhov September 8, 1937 February 15, 1938 Ismail Abuzyarov February 15, 1938 April 27, 1938 Ivan Rebrov April 27, 1938 July 19, 1938 Turabay Kulatov July 19, 1938 November 14, 1945Iskhak Razzakov November 14, 1945 July 10, 1950Chairmen of the Council of Ministers Abdy Suyerkulov July 10, 1950 March 6, 1958 Kazy Dikambayev March 6, 1958 May 10, 1961 Bolot Mambetov May 16, 1961 January 23, 1968 Akhmatbek Suyumbayev January 23, 1968 December 22, 1978 Sultan Ibraimov December 22, 1978 December 4, 1980 Pyotr Khodos December 4, 1980 January 21, 1981 Arstanbek Duysheyev January 21, 1981 May 20, 1986 Apas Jumagulov May 20, 1986 21 Jan 1991
Heads of party Holders Took office Left office NationalityChairmen of the Central Executive Committee Moris BelotskyCollins 2006, pp. 109. December 5, 1936 March 1937 JewishFirst Secretary of the Communist Party of Kirghizia Maksim Ammosov April 23, 1937 February 20, 1938 Russian Aleksey Vagov February 20, 1938 July 1945 Russian Nikolay Bogolyubov July 1945 July 7, 1950 Kyrgyz Iskhak Razzakov July 7, 1950 May 9, 1961 Kyrgyz Turdakun Usubaliyev May 9, 1961 November 2, 1985 Kyrgyz Absamat Masaliyev November 2, 1985 April 6, 1991 Kyrgyz Jumgalbek Amanbayev April 6, 1991 August 29, 1991 Kyrgyz
Heads of state Holders Took office Left officeChairmen of the Central Executive Committee Abdukadyr Urazbekov 1936 September 16, 1937 Mikhail Us September 16, 1937 October 4, 1937 Maryam Tugambayeva September 16, 1937 October 4, 1937 Sultankul Shamurzin October 4, 1937 December 16, 1937 Ivan Sokolov December 16, 1937 February 15, 1938 Murat Salikhov February 15, 1938 May 15, 1938 Kalima Amankulova May 15, 1938 July 18, 1938Chairman of the Supreme Soviet I.P. Boryak July 18, 1938 July 19, 1938Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Tolubayev July 18, 1938 March 22, 1943 Moldogazy Tokobayev March 22, 1943 November 14, 1945 Turabay Kulatov November 14, 1945 August 25, 1978 Sultan Ibraimov August 25, 1978 December 22, 1978 Andrey Buss December 22, 1978 January 10, 1979 Arstanbek Duysheyev January 10, 1979 January 14, 1981 Temirbek Koshoyev January 14, 1981 August 8, 1987 Tashtanbek Akmatov August 8, 1987 April 10, 1990Chairman of the Supreme Soviet Absamat Masaliyev April 10, 1990 October 27, 1990President of Kyrgyzstan Askar Akayev October 27, 1990 December 25, 1991
See also President of Kyrgyzstan Vice President of Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan
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External links Republics of the Soviet Union