Service numbers were used by the United States Department of Defense as the primary means of service member identification from 1918 until 1974 (and before 1947 by the U.S. Army and U.S. Navy). Service numbers are public information available under the Freedom of Information Act, unlike social security numbers which are protected by the Privacy Act of 1974.
Usage
Each branch of the military service had its own version of service numbers. In order by year of creation, these were:
United States Army service numbers (1918) United States Navy service numbers (1920) United States Marine Corps service numbers (1920) United States Coast Guard service numbers (1921) United States Air Force service numbers (1948)
The following are the original service numbers which were first issued to United States military personnel:National Personnel Records Center, Military Operations Branch, "Service number index and registry of retired, deceased, and discharged military personnel" (2007)
R-1: Arthur Crean – First service number of the United States armed forces O-1: John J. Pershing – First officer service number of the United States Army 100 00 01: Clayton Aab — First enlisted service number of the United States Navy 532 – Samuel R. Colhoun — Earliest recorded officer service number of the United States Navy 01 – James Ackerman – First officer service number of the United States Marine Corps 20001 – Alexander Schott — First enlisted service number of the United States Marine Corps 1000 – Joseph F. Farley – First officer service number of the United States Coast Guard 100000 – Mason B. Herring — First enlisted service number of the United States Coast Guard 4A: Hoyt Vandenberg – Earliest recorded officer service number of the United States Air Force
The original Air Force enlisted force was composed of personnel formerly of the United States Army Air Forces who continued to use their Army service numbers upon transfer to the Air Force in 1947. Thus, there is no established "first" enlisted service number of the U.S. Air Force since thousands of airmen simultaneously transferred into the Air Force on 18 September 1947.Department of the Air Force, TRF ORDER 1; 26 September 1947
Service numbers were eventually phased out completely by the social security number; the Army and Air Force converted to social security numbers on 1 July 1969, the Navy and Marine Corps on 1 January 1972, and the Coast Guard on 1 October 1974. Since that time, social security numbers have become the de facto military service number for United States armed forces personnel.
Beginning in 2002, the military began a further effort to protect the use of social security numbers, even within the military itself. New regulations declared that on all but the most official of documents (such as a DD Form 214 or evaluation reports) social security numbers would only list the last four digits. Regulations also were enacted to redact the social security number of reporting seniors (which were written in their entirety) on the personal copies of evaluation reports given to service members. The reason for this was to prevent possible identity theft issues committed by service members who had received a bad evaluation or who were disgruntled with their commanding officer.
Format
The general design of United States service numbers was created first by the United States Army and later adapted by the other branches of the armed forces. Between each branch, service numbers are assigned differently while some branches make a conscious effort to separate officer and enlisted numbers while others do not. It is therefore common in the U.S. service number system for officers and enlisted personnel to perhaps hold the same service number and even more common for service members from different branches to be assigned the same number as well.
The Army is the only branch of service to begin both officer and enlisted service numbers at No. 1. Marine Corps officer numbers also begin at No. 1 but Marine Corps enlisted numbers start much later at #20,001. There is also no service No. 1 in the Navy, Coast Guard, or Air Force although the earliest recorded Air Force officer number was No. 4.
The entire range of United States service numbers extends from 1 to 99,999,999 with the United States Army and Air Force the only services to use numbers higher than ten million. A special range of numbers from one to seven thousand (1–7000) was also used by the United States Air Force Academy for assignment only to cadets and was not considered part of the regular service number system. Another unique service number series was the National Guard which used service numbers solely in the range of twenty to twenty nine million (20,000,000 – 29,999,999).
Service Number Army Enlisted Army Officer Navy Enlisted Navy Officer Air Force Enlisted Air Force Officer Marine Enlisted Marine Officer Coast Guard Enlisted Coast Guard Officer1–100World War I enlisted personnelWorld War I officersNot issuedNot issuedNot issuedSenior Air Force officers formerly of the Army Air ForcesNot issuedWorld War I officersNot issuedNot issued101–500USMC Officers (1920s)501–1000Navy Officers (1920)1001–2000Navy Officers(1920s – 1930s)USMC Officers(1930–1941)Regular USCG Officers(1921–1974)2001 – 10,000 USMC Officers (World War II)10,001 – 20,000Regular Army officers (1920s/1930s)B" & "D" Series Numbers(1965–1971)20,001 – 30,000Regular USAF Officers (1948–1969)Retroactive (1905–1917)Reserve/Warrant USCG Officers (1921–1950s)30,001 – 50,000Regular Army officers (1940s/1950s)50,001 – 60,000Not issuedUSMC Officers (1948–1966)60,001 – 70,000Regular Army officers (1950s/1960s)Retroactive (1905–1919)Non-Regular USCG Officers (1950s/1960s)70,001 – 80,000Non-Regular USCG Officers (1960s/1970s)80,001 – 90,000"Special Use" service numbers90,001 – 99,999Regular Army (Late 1960s)100,000 – 125,000Not issuedUSMC Enlisted (1920–1935)USMC Officers (1966–1972)USCG Enlisted (1920s/1930s)Not issued125,001 – 140,000Navy Officers(World War II)Not issued140,001 – 150,000Officer Reserves (1920s – 1941)150,001 – 200,000Retroactive Service Numbers200,001 – 255,000USMC Enlisted (1936–1941)USCG Enlisted (World War II)255,001 – 350,000USCG Enlisted (1945–1962)350,001 – 500,000Navy Officers (1945–1955)USMC Enlisted (Early World War II)USCG Enlisted (1962–1974)500,001 – 600,000Officer Reserves (1942–1954)USCG Enlisted (World War II)600,001 – 671,000Navy Officers (1955–1963)671,001 – 700,000Navy Officers (1964–1969)Not issued700,001 – 800,000USMC Female Enlisted800,001 – 1,000,000Special Duty Officers(1921–1969)Not issuedUSMC Enlisted (Mid World War II)1,000,001 – 1,700,000Army Officers (1942–1954)Enlisted Series 100 (Retroactive)USMC Enlisted (1943–1953)Not issued1,700,001 – 1,800,000USMC Female Enlisted1,800,001 – 2,000,000Early Air Force ReserveUSMC Enlisted (1953–1965)2,000,001 – 2,800,000Enlisted Series 200 (1920–1971)Not issuedUSMC Enlisted (1966–1972)USCG Enlisted (1948–1974)2,800,001 – 2,999,999Not issued3,000,000 – 3,999,999Warrant officers (1957–1969)Enlisted Series 300 (1920–1971)Air Force officers (1948–1969)World War II (Special Duty)4,000,000 – 4,999,999Army officers (1954–1957)Enlisted Series 400 (1920–1971)Not issuedFemale enlisted(1942–1945)5,000,000 – 5,999,999Army officers (1957–1969)Enlisted Series 500 (1920–1971)Special Duty enlisted(1942)6,000,000 – 6,999,999Army enlisted (1919–1941)Not issuedEnlisted Series 600 (1920–1971)World War II (Special Duty)7,000,000 – 7,100,000Enlisted Series 700 (1920–1971)USCG Enlisted (1943–1945)7,100,001 – 7,999,999Not issued8,000,000 – 8,999,999Female enlisted (1948–1969)Enlisted Series 800 (1920–1971)Female enlisted (1948–1969)Not issued9,000,000 – 9,999,999Not issuedEnlisted Series 900 (1920–1971)Not issued10,000,000 – 10,999,999Regular Army (Enlisted Extra-US)Not issuedRegular Air Force11,000,000 – 19,999,999Regular Army20,000,000 – 29,999,999Army National GuardAir National Guard30,000,000 – 30,999,999World War II draftees (Extra-US)WWII crossover #s31,000,000 – 39,999,999World War II draftees40,000,000 – 49,999,999Special duty enlisted50,000,000 – 59,999,999Army draft force(P-WWII)Air Force draft force(1948–1966)60,000,000 – 69,999,999Army draft force(Late 1960s)Air Force draft force(1966–1969)70,000,000 – 89,999,999Not issuedNot issued90,000,000 – 99,999,999Philippine ArmyAugments (WWII)
Prefix and suffix codes
Service number prefix and suffix codes were one and two letter designators written before or after a service number; a service member could only have one code at any given time. The purpose of these codes was to provide additional information regarding a military service member with the very first prefix codes created by the Army in 1920 and greatly expanded over the next thirty years. The Navy created the first suffix code "W", written after the service numbers of female enlisted personnel, but it was the Air Force that made the greatest use of suffix codes until 1965 when the Air Force switched to using prefixes. Some prefix and suffix codes were also re-introduced, with different meanings, by various branches of military. In the modern age, the only code that survives is the suffix code "FR", written after the social security numbers of Regular Air Force personnel.