Melanogaster ("black-bellied") may refer to the following organisms: Genera: Melanogaster (fungus), a genus of false truffles Melanogaster (fly), a genus of hoverflies Species: Drosophila melanogaster, a species of fruit fly, widespread and also important in research Acheilognathus melanogaster, a species of brackish-freshwater ray-finned fish in Japan Anhinga melanogaster, the Oriental darter (snakebird), a water bird of tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia Turnix melanogaster, the black-breasted buttonquail (a rare bird in Australia)