Pauker or Paucker (, ) is a surname of German origin. It may refer to:
Alexander Paucker (1905–1972), Romanian composer Ana Pauker (1893–1960), Romanian politician Karl Pauker (1893–1937), Russian bodyguard K. V. Pauker (born 1944), Swedish writer Magnus Georg Paucker (1787–1855), German astronomer and mathematician Hermann von Paucker (1822-1889), Russian general and statesman Marcel Pauker (1896–1938), Romanian politician
See also Simmering-Graz-Pauker, an Austrian manufacturer