Balashov (masculine, ) or Balashova (feminine, ) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexander Balashov (1770–1837), Russian general and statesman Alexandra Balashova (1887–1979), Russian ballet dancer Andrey Balashov (1946–2009), Russian sailor Boris Balashov (1927–1974), Russian magazine editor Hennadiy Balashov (1961–2025), Ukrainian businessman and politician Roman Balashov (born 1977), Russian water polo player Sasha Balashov (born 1960), Russian historian and art critic Victor Balashov (1924–2021), Russian radio and television presenter Vitaliy Balashov (born 1991), Ukrainian football player Yuri Balashov (born 1949), Russian chess player