List of U.S. Supreme Court justices who also served in the U.S. Congress

Since the Supreme Court of the United States was established in 1789, 116 persons have served on the court. Of these, several also served in the United States Congress, either before or after their tenure as a justice. Six were incumbent members of the Senate at the time of their appointment, while one—James Moore Wayne—was an incumbent member of the House of Representatives. The others had previously served in the Senate or the House or both. Additionally, one justice—David Davis—resigned from the Supreme Court to serve in the Senate.

Senators There have been 14 Supreme Court justices with prior service in the Senate, and one with subsequent Senate service.

NameStatePartySenate serviceSupreme Court serviceAppointerNew JerseyFederalist–1790–1806(1789–1797)ConnecticutFederalist–1796–1800(1789–1797)New HampshireDemocratic–1831–1851(1845–1849)–1845AlabamaDemocratic–1831–1852(1837–1841)–1837OhioRepublican(before 1868)–18551861–1861–1873(1861–1865)Democratic(1868–1873)OhioRepublican–1879–1889(1881)IllinoisRepublican(before 1870)–1883–1877(1861–1865)Liberal Republican(1870–1872)Independent(1872–1886)MississippiDemocratic–1885–1893(1885–1889)TennesseeDemocratic–1886–1895(1889–1893)LouisianaDemocratic–1894–1921(1893–1897)UtahRepublican–1917–1938(1921–1923)AlabamaDemocratic–1937–1971(1933–1945)South CarolinaDemocratic–1941–1942(1933–1945)IndianaDemocratic–1941–1956(1945–1953)OhioRepublican–1945–1958(1945–1953)

Representatives There have been 17 Supreme Court justices with prior service in the House of Representatives.

NameDistrictPartyHouse serviceSupreme Court serviceAppointerDemocratic-Republican–1796–1835(1809–1817)Federalist–1800–1835(1797–1801)Democratic-Republican–1809–1845(1809–1817)Democratic-Republican(before 1825)–1816–1861(1829–1837)National Republican(1825–1828)Democratic(1828–1831)Anti-Masonic(1831–1838)Whig(1838–1848)Free Soil(1848–1854)Republican(1854–1861)Democratic-Republican(before 1828)–1825–1841(1829–1837)Democratic(1828–1841)–1830Democratic-Republican(before 1828)–1822–1844(1829–1837)Democratic(1828–1844)Democratic–1835–1867(1829–1837)Democratic–1835–1852(1837–1841)Democratic–1843–1881(1857–1861)Democratic(before 1868)–1851–1880(1869–1877)Republican(1868–1895)Democratic–1860–1893(1885–1889)–1877Republican–1891–1925(1897–1901)Republican–1899–1922(1909–1913)Republican–1902–1910(1901–1909)Republican–1903–1938(1921–1923)Democratic–1925–1942(1933–1945)Democratic–1929–1953(1945–1953)–1938

See also List of people who have held constitutional office in all three branches of the United States federal government

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